Studiile care confirmă proprietăţile şi efectele uleiurilor esenţiale. Cum ajunge ştiinţa să redescopere utilizarea plantelor în scopuri terapeutice
Unii văd uleiurile esenţiale ca fiind un nou trend, însă utilizarea plantelor şi a extractelor este înrădăcinată în tradiţiile civilizaţiilor antice – plantele erau folosite pentru aromaterapie, îngrijire personală, în scop medicinal, în ceremonii religioase sau ca şi condimente. Diferenţa este că acum ştiinţa, prin studii, cercetări şi experimente, începe să confirme ceea ce aceste civilizaţii antice ştiau deja.
O mare varietate de aplicații ale uleiurilor esențiale au fost studiate pentru a confirma siguranța și eficacitatea lor, iar mai jos găseşti o lista care cuprinde o parte dintre aceste studii şi articole ştiinţifice publicate în ultimii ani:
doTERRA Cananga Essential Oil
- 1. Bayala B., et al. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Proliferative Activities of Essential Oils of Plants from Burkina Faso. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e92122.
- 2. Wei A. and Shibamoto T. Antioxidant Activities and Volatile Constituents of Various Essential Oils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007;55(5):1737-1742.
- 3. Da Silva E., et al. Chemical constituents and cytotoxic evaluation of essential oils from leaves of Porcelia macrocarpa (Annonaceae). Nat. Prod. Commun2013;8(2):277-279.
- 4. Ali B., et al. Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systematic review. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2015;5(8):601-611.
Alpha-Pinene and Limonene for Cellular Health
- Moayedi Y, Greenberg SA, Jenkins BA, et al. Camphor white oil induces tumor regression through cytotoxic T cell-dependent mechanisms. Mol Carcinog. 2018 Dec 23. doi: 10.1002/mc.22965. [Epub ahead of print]
What Supplements Help with Digestion? Try DigestZen Terrazyme®.
The Science of Wintergreen
- https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/salicylic_acid
- https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/aspirin
- https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/methyl_salicylate
- Mason L, Moore RA, Edwards JE, McQuay HJ, Derry S, Wiffen PJ. Systematic review of efficacy of topical rubefacients containing salicylates for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. BMJ. 2004;328(7446):995. doi:10.1136/bmj.38040.607141.EE
Increase Your Sense of Focus with doTERRA Island Mint®
- Chaiyana W, Okonogi S. Inhibition of cholinesterase by essential oil from food plant. Phytomedicine Int J Phytother Phytopharm. 2012;19(8-9):836-839. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2012.03.010
- Ogeturk M, Kose E, Sarsilmaz M, Akpinar B, Kus I, Meydan S. Effects of lemon essential oil aroma on the learning behaviors of rats. Neurosci Riyadh Saudi Arab. 2010;15(4):292-293.
- Moss M, Hewitt S, Moss L, Wesnes K. MODULATION OF COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE AND MOOD BY AROMAS OF PEPPERMINT AND YLANG-YLANG. Int J Neurosci. 2008;118(1):59-77. doi:10.1080/00207450601042094
- Barker S, Grayhem P, Koon J, Perkins J, Whalen A, Raudenbush B. Improved performance on clerical tasks associated with administration of peppermint odor. Percept Mot Skills. 2003;97(3 Pt 1):1007-1010. doi:10.2466/pms.2003.97.3.1007
Natural Cleaning with doTERRA On Guard® Cleaner Concentrate
- 1. C. A. O’Bryan, P. G. Crandall, V. I. Chalova, and S. C. Ricke, “Orange Essential Oils Antimicrobial Activities against Salmonella spp.,” J. Food Sci., vol. 73, no. 6, pp. M264–M267, Aug. 2008.
- N. Sharma and A. Tripathi, “Effects of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck epicarp essential oil on growth and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger (L.) Van Tieghem,” Microbiol. Res., vol. 163, no. 3, pp. 337–344, May 2008
- I. S. Rana, A. S. Rana, and R. C. Rajak, “Evaluation of antifungal activity in essential oil of the Syzygium aromaticum (L.) by extraction, purification and analysis of its main component eugenol,” Braz. J. Microbiol. Publ. Braz. Soc. Microbiol., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 1269–1277, Oct. 2011.
- A. Fraňková, M. Marounek, V. Mozrová, J. Weber, P. Klouček, and D. Lukešová, “Antibacterial activities of plant-derived compounds and essential oils toward Cronobacter sakazakii and Cronobacter malonaticus,” Foodborne Pathog. Dis., vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 795–797, Oct. 2014
- Dadalioglu I, Evrendilek GA. Chemical compositions and antibacterial effects of essential oils of Turkish oregano (Origanum minutiflorum), bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), Spanish lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on common foodborne pathogens. J Agric Food Chem. 2004;52(26):8255-8260. doi:10.1021/jf049033e
- Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. J Appl Microbiol. 2003;95(4):853-860.
- Yu D, Wang J, Shao X, Xu F, Wang H. Antifungal modes of action of tea tree oil and its two characteristic components against Botrytis cinerea. J Appl Microbiol. 2015;119(5):1253-1262. doi:10.1111/jam.12939
What Is Summer Savory Essential Oil?
- Sabzghabaee AM, Davoodi N, Ebadian B, Aslani A, Ghannadi A. Clinical evaluation of the essential oil of “Satureja Hortensis” for the treatment of denture stomatitis. Dent Res J. 2012;9(2):198-202.
- Hagh LG, Arefian A, Farajzade A, Dibazar S, Samiea N. The antibacterial activity of “Satureja hortensis” extract and essential oil against oral bacteria. Dent Res J. 2019;16(3):153-159.
- Silva FV, Guimarães AG, Silva ERS, et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activities of carvacrol, a monoterpene present in the essential oil of oregano. J Med Food. 2012;15(11):984-991. doi:10.1089/jmf.2012.0102
- Fierascu I, Dinu-Pirvu CE, Fierascu RC, et al. Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Satureja hortensis L.: A Review of the Last Decade. Mol J Synth Chem Nat Prod Chem. 2018;23(10). doi:10.3390/molecules23102458
- Aristatile B, Al-Numair KS, Veeramani C, Pugalendi KV. Antihyperlipidemic effect of carvacrol on D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2009;20(1):15-27.
The Science of Aroma and Touch
- Hertenstein M, et al. Touch communicates distinct emotions. Emotion. 2006;6(3):528-533.
- Thompson E. and Hampton J. The effect of relationship status on communicating emotions through touch. Cognition and Emotion. 2011; 25(2):295-306.
- Chatel-Goldman J, et al. Touch increases autonomic coupling between romantic partners. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 2014; 8:95.
- Uvnas-Moberg, K, et al. Self-soothing behaviors with particular reference to oxytocin release induced by non-noxious sensory stimulation. Frontiers in Psychology. 2014; 5:1529.
The Science of Cypress
- M. Kusuhara, K. Urakami, Y. Masuda, V. Zangiacomi, H. Ishii, S. Tai, K. Maruyama, and K. Yamaguchi, “Fragrant environment with α-pinene decreases tumor growth in mice,” Biomed. Res. Tokyo Jpn., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 57–61, Feb. 2012.
- H. J. Dorman and S. G. Deans, “Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils,” J. Appl. Microbiol., vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 308–316, Feb. 2000.
Chemistry of Pink Pepper
- Siqueira HDS, Neto BS, Sousa DP, et al. α-Phellandrene, a cyclic monoterpene, attenuates inflammatory response through neutrophil migration inhibition and mast cell degranulation. Life Sci. 2016;160:27-33. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2016.07.008
- Lin J-J, Lin J-H, Hsu S-C, et al. Alpha-phellandrene promotes immune responses in normal mice through enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and natural killer cell activities. Vivo Athens Greece. 2013;27(6):809-814.
- Jing L, Zhang Y, Fan S, et al. Preventive and ameliorating effects of citrus D-limonene on dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Eur J Pharmacol. 2013;715(1-3):46-55. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.06.022
Keeping Pets Healthy and Happy
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-16118-6
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674917314392
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3408111/
Lemon Myrtle
- 1Wilkinson JM, Hipwell M, Ryan T, Cavanagh HMA. Bioactivity of Backhousia citriodora: antibacterial and antifungal activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2003;51(1):76-81. doi:10.1021/jf0258003
- Kim J m., Marshall M, Cornell J a., Iii J f. P, Wei C i. Antibacterial Activity of Carvacrol, Citral, and Geraniol against Salmonella typhimurium in Culture Medium and on Fish Cubes. J Food Sci. 1995;60(6):1364-1368. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb04592.x
- Subramaniyan SD, Natarajan A kumar. Citral, A Monoterpene Protect Against High Glucose Induced Oxidative Injury in HepG2 Cell In Vitro-An Experimental Study. J Clin Diagn Res JCDR. 2017;11(8):BC10-BC15. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2017/28470.10377
- Uchida NS, Silva-Filho SE, Cardia GFE, et al. Hepatoprotective Effect of Citral on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Toxicity in Mice. Evid-Based Complement Altern Med ECAM. 2017;2017. doi:10.1155/2017/1796209
doTERRA Breathe® and the Science of Sighing
- Vlemincx E, Van diest I, Van den bergh O. Emotion, sighing, and respiratory variability. Psychophysiology. 2015;52(5):657-66.
- Tobin MJ, Chadha TS, Jenouri G, Birch SJ, Gazeroglu HB, Sackner MA. Breathing patterns. 2. Diseased subjects. Chest. 1983;84(3):286-94.
- Vlemincx E, Van diest I, Van den bergh O. A sigh of relief or a sigh to relieve: The psychological and physiological relief effect of deep breaths. Physiol Behav. 2016;165:127-35.
- Zhao C, Sun J, Fang C, Tang F. 1,8-cineol attenuates LPS-induced acute pulmonary inflammation in mice. Inflammation. 2014;37(2):566-72.
- Lee HS, Park DE, Song WJ, et al. Effect of 1.8-Cineole in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-Stimulated Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Mouse Model of Asthma. Biol Pharm Bull. 2016;39(6):946-52.
- Sudhoff H, Klenke C, Greiner JF, et al. 1,8-Cineol Reduces Mucus-Production in a Novel Human Ex Vivo Model of Late Rhinosinusitis. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(7):e0133040.
- Seol GH, Kim KY. Eucalyptol and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;929:389-398.
- Laude EA, Morice AH, Grattan TJ. The antitussive effects of menthol, camphor and cineole in conscious guinea-pigs. Pulm Pharmacol. 1994;7(3):179-84.
- Liu B, Fan L, Balakrishna S, Sui A, Morris JB, Jordt SE. TRPM8 is the principal mediator of menthol-induced analgesia of acute and inflammatory pain. Pain. 2013;154(10):2169-77.
- Ha MA, Smith GJ, Cichocki JA, et al. Menthol attenuates respiratory irritation and elevates blood cotinine in cigarette smoke exposed mice. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(2):e0117128.
- Willis DN, Liu B, Ha MA, Jordt SE, Morris JB. Menthol attenuates respiratory irritation responses to multiple cigarette smoke irritants. FASEB J. 2011;25(12):4434-44.
Yarrow|Pom
- Shabbir MA, Khan MR, Saeed M, Pasha I, Khalil AA, Siraj N. Punicic acid: A striking health substance to combat metabolic syndromes in humans. Lipids Health Dis. 2017;16(1):99.
Fennel Oil and Curcumin Extract for Bowel Regularity
- Di Ciaula A, Portincasa P, Maes N, et al. Efficacy of bio-optimized extracts of turmeric and essential fennel oil on the quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Ann Gastroenterol. 2018;31(6):685-691.doi: 10.20524/aog.2018.0304
Copaiba Meta-Analysis
- Ferro M, et al. Meta-analysis on Copaiba Oil: Its Functions in Metabolism and Its Properties as an Anti-inflammatory Agent. Thieme. 2018. DOI:10.1055/s-0038-1669390.
Peppermint Essential Oil and Cognitive Function
- Kennedy D, Okello E, Chazot P, et al. Volatile Terpenes and Brain Function: Investigation of the Cognitive and Mood Effects of Mentha × Piperita L. Essential Oil with In Vitro Properties Relevant to Central Nervous System Function. Nutrients. 2018;10(8). pii: E1029. doi: 10.3390/nu10081029.
Essential Oil Mouthwash Trials
- Richards D. Effect of essential oil mouthwashes on plaque and gingivitis. Evid Based Dent. 2017 Jun 23;18(2):39-40. doi: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6401233.
- Marieb, E. N., Hoehn, K., & Hutchinson, M. (2013). Human anatomy & physiology. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education/Benjamin Cummings.
Gastroprotective Effects of Ginger and Turmeric Essential Oils
- Liju VB, Jeena K, Kuttan R. Gastroprotective activity of essential oils from turmeric and ginger. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2015;26(1):95-103.
Turmeric Essential Oil
- Chandran, Binu, and Ajay Goel. “A Randomized, Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis.” Phytotherapy research: PTR 26.11 (2012): 1719–1725.
- Park SY, Kim YH, Kim Y, Lee SJ. Aromatic-turmerone’s anti-inflammatory effects in microglial cells are mediated by protein kinase A and heme oxygenase-1 signaling. Neurochem Int. 2012;61(5):767-77.
AromaTouch® Hand Technique Study
- Bahr T, Allred K, Martinez D, Rodriguez D, and Winterton P. Effects of a massage-like essential oil application procedure using Copaiba and Deep Blue oils in individuals with hand arthritis. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2018. doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.10.004.
Carvone
- J. C. R. Gonçalves, F. de S. Oliveira, R. B. Benedito, D. P. de Sousa, R. N. de Almeida, and D. A. M. de Araújo, “Antinociceptive activity of (-)-carvone: evidence of association with decreased peripheral nerve excitability,” Biol. Pharm. Bull., vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1017–1020, 2008.
- F. V. M. Souza, M. B. da Rocha, D. P. de Souza, and R. M. Marçal, “(−)-Carvone: Antispasmodic effect and mode of action,” Fitoterapia, vol. 85, pp. 20–24, Mar. 2013.
- E. Ayd n, H. Turkez, and M. S. Keles, “Potential anticancer activity of carvone in N2a neuroblastoma cell line,” Toxicol. Ind. Health, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 764–772, Aug. 2015.
- S. Abe et al., “Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced neutrophil adherence responses by essential oils.,” Mediators Inflamm., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 323–328, Dec. 2003.
- D. P. De Sousa, F. F. De Farias nóbrega, and R. N. De Almeida, “Influence of the chirality of (R)-(−)- and (S)-(+)-carvone in the central nervous system: A comparative study,” Chirality, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 264–268, May 2007.
- J. C. R. Gonçalves, A. de M. H. Alves, A. E. V. de Araújo, J. S. Cruz, and D. A. M. Araújo, “Distinct effects of carvone analogues on the isolated nerve of rats,” Eur. J. Pharmacol., vol. 645, no. 1–3, pp. 108–112, Oct. 2010.
- N. A. Jaradat et al., “The effect of inhalation of Citrus sinensis flowers and Mentha spicata leave essential oils on lung function and exercise performance: a quasi-experimental uncontrolled before-and-after study,” J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr., vol. 13, no. 1, Dec. 2016.
Cinnamaldehyde
- M. Keshvari, S. Asgary, A. Jafarian-Dehkordi, S. Najafi, and S. M. Ghoreyshi-Yazdi, “Preventive effect of cinnamon essential oil on lipid oxidation of vegetable oil,” ARYA Atheroscler., vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 280–286, Sep. 2013.
- S.-G. Ahn, Y.-H. Jin, J.-H. Yoon, and S.-A. Kim, “The anticancer mechanism of 2’-hydroxycinnamaldehyde in human head and neck cancer cells,” Int. J. Oncol., vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 1793–1800, Nov. 2015.
- W.-Y. Bae, J.-S. Choi, J.-E. Kim, and J.-W. Jeong, “Cinnamic aldehyde suppresses hypoxia-induced angiogenesis via inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression during tumor progression,” Biochem. Pharmacol., vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 41–50, Nov. 2015.
- J. S. Muhammad et al., “Anti-inflammatory effect of cinnamaldehyde in Helicobacter pylori induced gastric inflammation,” Biol. Pharm. Bull., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 109–115, 2015.
- M. S. Nieto-Bobadilla et al., “Controlled delivery of a new broad spectrum antibacterial agent against colitis: In vitro and in vivo performance,” Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. Off. J. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Für Pharm. Verfahrenstechnik EV, vol. 96, pp. 152–161, Oct. 2015.
- L.-T. Lin, S.-J. Wu, and C.-C. Lin, “The Anticancer Properties and Apoptosis-inducing Mechanisms of Cinnamaldehyde and the Herbal Prescription Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (黃連解毒湯 Huáng Lián Jiě Dú Tang) in Human Hepatoma Cells,” J. Tradit. Complement. Med., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 227–233, 2013.
- A. Mishra, R. Bhatti, A. Singh, and M. P. Singh Ishar, “Ameliorative effect of the cinnamon oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum upon early stage diabetic nephropathy,” Planta Med., vol. 76, no. 5, pp. 412–417, Mar. 2010.
- Y.-H. Chen, Y.-N. Lin, W.-C. Chen, W.-T. Hsieh, and H.-Y. Chen, “Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence by Cinnamaldehyde, the Major Constituent of the Chinese Medicinal Herb Ramulus Cinnamomi,” Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., vol. 2014, pp. 1–10, 2014.
- J. Huang, S. Wang, X. Luo, Y. Xie, and X. Shi, “Cinnamaldehyde reduction of platelet aggregation and thrombosis in rodents,” Thromb. Res., vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 337–342, Jan. 2007.
- J. Zhao et al., “Cinnamaldehyde inhibits inflammation and brain damage in a mouse model of permanent cerebral ischaemia,” Br. J. Pharmacol., vol. 172, no. 20, pp. 5009–5023, Oct. 2015.
- S.-T. Chou, W.-L. Chang, C.-T. Chang, S.-L. Hsu, Y.-C. Lin, and Y. Shih, “Cinnamomum cassia Essential Oil Inhibits α-MSH-Induced Melanin Production and Oxidative Stress in Murine B16 Melanoma Cells,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 19186–19201, Sep. 2013.
- M. Saleem, H. N. Bhatti, M. I. Jilani, and M. A. Hanif, “Bioanalytical evaluation of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil,” Nat. Prod. Res., vol. 29, no. 19, pp. 1857–1859, 2015.
- S. F. Nabavi, A. Di Lorenzo, M. Izadi, E. Sobarzo-Sánchez, M. Daglia, and S. M. Nabavi, “Antibacterial Effects of Cinnamon: From Farm to Food, Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Industries,” Nutrients, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 7729–7748, Sep. 2015.
- N. Takasao, K. Tsuji-Naito, S. Ishikura, A. Tamura, and M. Akagawa, “Cinnamon extract promotes type I collagen biosynthesis via activation of IGF-I signaling in human dermal fibroblasts,” J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 1193–1200, Feb. 2012.
Cuminal/Cuminaldehyde
- V. R. Preedy, Ed., Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety, 1 edition. Boston, MA: Academic Press, 2015.
- H.-S. Lee, “Cuminaldehyde: Aldose Reductase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitor Derived from Cuminum cyminum L. Seeds,” J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 2446–2450, Apr. 2005.
- J. Wei, X. Zhang, Y. Bi, R. Miao, Z. Zhang, and H. Su, “Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cumin Essential Oil by Blocking JNK, ERK, and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells,” Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med. ECAM, vol. 2015, 2015.
- K. Tsai et al., “Cuminaldehyde from Cinnamomum verum Induces Cell Death through Targeting Topoisomerase 1 and 2 in Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma COLO 205 Cells,” Nutrients, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 318, May 2016.
- S. Yang et al., “Molecular Mechanism of Cinnamomum verum Component Cuminaldehyde Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Cell Death in Human Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma NCI-H520 Cells In Vitro and In Vivo,” J. Cancer, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 251–261, Jan. 2016.
Carvacrol
- Chen W, Xu B, Xiao A, et al. TRPM7 inhibitor carvacrol protects brain from neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury. Mol Brain. 2015;8:11.
- Li WT, Zhang SY, Zhou YF, et al. Carvacrol attenuates traumatic neuronal injury through store-operated Ca(2+) entry-independent regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Neurochem Int. 2015;90:107-13.
- Chen WL, Barszczyk A, Turlova E, et al. Inhibition of TRPM7 by carvacrol suppresses glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Oncotarget. 2015;6(18):16321-40.Fan K, Li X, Cao Y, et al. Carvacrol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs. 2015;26(8):813-23.
- Suntres ZE, Coccimiglio J, Alipour M. The bioactivity and toxicological actions of carvacrol. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;55(3):304-18.
- Lee KP, Sudjarwo GW, Jung SH, et al. Carvacrol inhibits atherosclerotic neointima formation by downregulating reactive oxygen species production in vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis. 2015;240(2):367-73.
- Fan K, Li X, Cao Y, et al. Carvacrol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs. 2015;26(8):813-23.
- Maryam K, Shakeri S, Kiani K. Preparation and in vitro investigation of antigastric cancer activities of carvacrol-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles. IET Nanobiotechnol. 2015;9(5):294-9.
- Liang WZ, Chou CT, Lu T, et al. The mechanism of carvacrol-evoked [Ca2+]i rises and non-Ca2+-triggered cell death in OC2 human oral cancer cells. Toxicology. 2013;303:152-61.
- Jayakumar S, Madankumar A, Asokkumar S, et al. Potential preventive effect of carvacrol against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2012;360(1-2):51-60.
- Luo Y, Wu JY, Lu MH, Shi Z, Na N, Di JM. Carvacrol Alleviates Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion through Regulation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:1469693.
- Arunasree KM. Anti-proliferative effects of carvacrol on a human metastatic breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB 231. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(8-9):581-8.
- Sánchez C, Aznar R, Sánchez G. The effect of carvacrol on enteric viruses. Int J Food Microbiol. 2015;192:72-6.
- Pastor J, García M, Steinbauer S, et al. Combinations of ascaridole, carvacrol, and caryophyllene oxide against Leishmania. Acta Trop. 2015;145:31-8.
- Tabari MA, Youssefi MR, Barimani A, Araghi A. Carvacrol as a potent natural acaricide against Dermanyssus gallinae. Parasitol Res. 2015;114(10):3801-6.
- Mansour SA, Messeha SS, El-gengaihi SE. Botanical biocides. 4. Mosquitocidal activity of certain Thymus capitatus constituents. J Nat Toxins. 2000;9(1):49-62.
- Joca HC, Vieira DC, Vasconcelos AP, Araújo DA, Cruz JS. Carvacrol modulates voltage-gated sodium channels kinetics in dorsal root ganglia. Eur J Pharmacol. 2015;756:22-9.
- Kara M, Uslu S, Demirci F, Temel HE, Baydemir C. Supplemental carvacrol can reduce the severity of inflammation by influencing the production of mediators of inflammation. Inflammation. 2015;38(3):1020-7.
Bornyl Acetate
- Watanabe K, Shimizu N. Identification of a sex pheromone of the chrysanthemum lace bug Corythucha marmorata (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 4;7(1):7302. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06783-y.
- Matsubara E, Fukagawa M, Okamoto T, Ohnuki K, Shimizu K, Kondo R. (-)-Bornyl acetate induces autonomic relaxation and reduces arousal level after visual display terminal work without any influences of task performance in low-dose condition. Biomed Res. 2011 Apr;32(2):151-7.
- Buchbauer G, Jäger W, Jirovetz L, Meyer F, Dietrich H. [Effects of valerian root oil, borneol, isoborneol, bornyl acetate and isobornyl acetate on the motility of laboratory animals (mice) after inhalation]. Pharmazie. 1992 Aug;47(8):620-2. German.
- Yang H, Zhao R, Chen H, Jia P, Bao L, Tang H. Bornyl acetate has an anti-inflammatory effect in human chondrocytes via induction of IL-11. IUBMB Life. 2014 Dec;66(12):854-9. doi: 10.1002/iub.1338. Epub 2014 Dec 25.
- Chen N, Sun G, Yuan X, Hou J, Wu Q, Soromou LW, Feng H. Inhibition of lung inflammatory responses by bornyl acetate is correlated with regulation of myeloperoxidase activity. J Surg Res. 2014 Jan;186(1):436-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.09.003. Epub 2013 Sep 29.
- Wu X, Li X, Xiao F, Zhang Z, Xu Z, Wang H. [Studies on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of bornyl acetate in volatile oil from Amomum villosum].Zhong Yao Cai. 2004 Jun;27(6):438-9. Chinese.
- Li J, Wang SX. Synergistic enhancement of the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil by bornyl acetate in SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells and the determination of the underlying mechanism of action. J BUON. 2016 Jan-Feb;21(1):108-17.
- Kim SH, Lee SY, Hong CY, Gwak KS, Park MJ, Smith D, Choi IG. Whitening and antioxidant activities of bornyl acetate and nezukol fractionated from Cryptomeria japonica essential oil. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2013 Oct;35(5):484-90. doi: 10.1111/ics.12069. Epub 2013 Jul 6.
doTERRA Black Pepper Study
- Han X., Beaumont C., Rodriguez D., and Bahr T. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) essential oil demonstrates tissue remodeling and metabolism modulating potential in human cells. Phytotherapy Research.2018. doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6110.
- Jeena K, Liju VB, Umadevi NP, Kuttan R. 2014. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of black pepper essential oil (Piper nigrum Linn). J Essent Oil Bear Plants.17:1–12.
- Varga ZV, Matyas C, Erdelyi K, Cinar R, Nieri D, Chicca A, Nemeth BT, Paloczi J, Lajtos T, Corey L, et al. 2017. Beta-caryophyllene protects against alcoholic steatohepatitis by attenuating inflammation and metabolic dysregulation in mice. Br J Pharmacol. 13722.
doTERR AromaTouch Study
Bahr T, Rodriguez D, Allred K. Immediate and Lasting Effects of the dōTERRA AromaTouch Technique, a Topical Essential Oil Application Procedure, on Autonomic Function and Salivary Biomarkers: A Pilot Trial. J Integrative Med Ther. 2018;5(1): 7.
Nerol
- González-Ramírez AE, González-Trujano ME, Orozco-Suárez SA, et al. Nerol alleviates pathologic markers in the oxazolone-induced colitis model. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016;776:81-89. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.036
Eugenol
- G. P. Kamatou, I. Vermaak, and A. M. Viljoen, “Eugenol—From the Remote Maluku Islands to the International Market Place: A Review of a Remarkable and Versatile Molecule,” Molecules, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 6953–6981, Jun. 2012.
- M. Islamuddin, D. Sahal, and F. Afrin, “Apoptosis-like death in Leishmania donovani promastigotes induced by eugenol-rich oil of Syzygium aromaticum,” J. Med. Microbiol., vol. 63, no. Pt_1, pp. 74–85, Jan. 2014.
- B. Yogalakshmi, P. Viswanathan, and C. V. Anuradha, “Investigation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and DNA-protective properties of eugenol in thioacetamide-induced liver injury in rats,” Toxicology, vol. 268, no. 3, pp. 204–212, Feb. 2010.
- Y. Saeki, Y. Ito, M. Shibata, Y. Sato, K. Okuda, and I. Takazoe, “Antimicrobial action of natural substances on oral bacteria,” Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 129–135, Aug. 1989.
- S. V. Kothiwale, V. Patwardhan, M. Gandhi, R. Sohoni, and A. Kumar, “A comparative study of antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of herbal mouthrinse containing tea tree oil, clove, and basil with commercially available essential oil mouthrinse,” J. Indian Soc. Periodontol., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 316–320, May 2014.
- S. A. Guénette, A. Ross, J.-F. Marier, F. Beaudry, and P. Vachon, “Pharmacokinetics of eugenol and its effects on thermal hypersensitivity in rats,” Eur. J. Pharmacol., vol. 562, no. 1–2, pp. 60–67, May 2007.
doTERRA Black Pepper Study
- Han X., Beamont C., Rodriguez D., and Bahr T. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) essential oil demonstrates tissue remodeling and metabolism modulating potential in human cells. Phytotherapy Research.2018. doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6110.
- Jeena K, Liju VB, Umadevi NP, Kuttan R. 2014. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of black pepper essential oil (Piper nigrum Linn). J Essent Oil Bear Plants.17:1–12.
- Varga ZV, Matyas C, Erdelyi K, Cinar R, Nieri D, Chicca A, Nemeth BT, Paloczi J, Lajtos T, Corey L, et al. 2017. Beta-caryophyllene protects against alcoholic steatohepatitis by attenuating inflammation and metabolic dysregulation in mice. Br J Pharmacol. 13722.
Chamazulene
- Capuzzo A, Occhipinti A, Maffei ME. Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of chamazulene. Nat Prod Res. 2014;28(24):2321-3.
- Rekka EA, Kourounakis AP, Kourounakis PN. Investigation of the effect of chamazulene on lipid peroxidation and free radical processes. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 1996;92(3):361-4.
- Querio G, Antoniotti S, Foglietta F, et al. Chamazulene Attenuates ROS Levels in Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells Exposed to High Glucose Concentrations and Hydrogen Peroxide. Front Physiol. 2018;9:246.
- Ornano L, Venditti A, Ballero M, et al. Chemopreventive and antioxidant activity of the chamazulene-rich essential oil obtained from Artemisia arborescens L. growing on the Isle of La Maddalena, Sardinia, Italy. Chem Biodivers. 2013;10(8):1464-74.
- Agatonovic-kustrin S, Babazadeh ortakand D, Morton DW, Yusof AP. Rapid evaluation and comparison of natural products and antioxidant activity in calendula, feverfew, and German chamomile extracts. J Chromatogr A. 2015;1385:103-10.
- Mohammadi A, Sani TA, Ameri AA, Imani M, Golmakani E, Kamali H. Seasonal variation in the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content of Artemisia absinthium essential oils. Pharmacognosy Res. 2014;7(4):329-34.
- Ramadan M, Goeters S, Watzer B, et al. Chamazulene carboxylic acid and matricin: a natural profen and its natural prodrug, identified through similarity to synthetic drug substances. J Nat Prod. 2006;69(7):1041-5.
Bees and Essential Oils
- Imdorf A, Bogdanov S, Ochoa RI, Calderone NW. Use of essential oils for the control of Varroa jacobsoni Oud. in honey bee colonies. Apidologie. 1999;30: 209-228.
- Sabahi Q, Gashout H, Kelly PG, Guzman-Novoa E. Continuous release of oregano oil effectively and safely controls Varroa destructor infestations in honey bee colonies in a northern climate. Experimental & Applied Acarology. 2017;72(3):263-275.
- Palmer-young EC, Sadd BM, Irwin RE, Adler LS. Synergistic effects of floral phytochemicals against a bumble bee parasite. Ecol Evol. 2017;7(6):1836-1849.
doTERRA On Guard® Study
- Berg, E. L., Yang, J., Melrose, J., Nguyen, D., Privat, S., Rosler, E., . . . Ekins, S. (2010). Chemical target and pathway toxicity mechanisms defined in primary human cell systems. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 61(1), 3-15
- Bergamini, G., Bell, K., Shimamura, S., Werner, T., Cansfield, A., Müller, K., … Neubauer, G. (2012). A selective inhibitor reveals PI3Kγ dependence of T(H)17 cell differentiation. Nature Chemical Biology, 8(6), 576–582. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.957
- Han, X., Parker, T. L., & Dorsett, J. (2017). An essential oil blend significantly modulates immune responses and the cell cycle in human cell cultures. Cogent Biology, 3(1), 1340112. https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2017.1340112
Chemistry of doTERRA Breathe® Respiratory Drops
- Begrow F, Böckenholt C, Ehmen M, Wittig T, Verspohl EJ. Effect of myrtol standardized and other substances on the respiratory tract: ciliary beat frequency and mucociliary clearance as parameters. Adv Ther. 2012;29(4):350-8.
- Zhao C, Sun J, Fang C, Tang F. 1,8-cineol attenuates LPS-induced acute pulmonary inflammation in mice. Inflammation. 2014;37(2):566-72.
- Lee HS, Park DE, Song WJ, et al. Effect of 1.8-Cineole in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-Stimulated Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Mouse Model of Asthma. Biol Pharm Bull. 2016;39(6):946-52.
- Sudhoff H, Klenke C, Greiner JF, et al. 1,8-Cineol Reduces Mucus-Production in a Novel Human Ex Vivo Model of Late Rhinosinusitis. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(7):e0133040.
- Seol GH, Kim KY. Eucalyptol and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;929:389-398.
- Laude EA, Morice AH, Grattan TJ. The antitussive effects of menthol, camphor and cineole in conscious guinea-pigs. Pulm Pharmacol. 1994;7(3):179-84.
- Liu B, Fan L, Balakrishna S, Sui A, Morris JB, Jordt SE. TRPM8 is the principal mediator of menthol-induced analgesia of acute and inflammatory pain. Pain. 2013;154(10):2169-77.
- Ha MA, Smith GJ, Cichocki JA, et al. Menthol attenuates respiratory irritation and elevates blood cotinine in cigarette smoke exposed mice. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(2):e0117128.
- Willis DN, Liu B, Ha MA, Jordt SE, Morris JB. Menthol attenuates respiratory irritation responses to multiple cigarette smoke irritants. FASEB J. 2011;25(12):4434-44.
- Ozogul Y, Kuley E, Ucar Y, Ozogul F. Antimicrobial Impacts of Essential Oils on Food Borne-Pathogens. Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric. 2015;7(1):53-61.
- Bacanlı M, Başaran AA, Başaran N. The antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties of citrus phenolics limonene and naringin. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015;81:160-70.
- De sousa DP, Mesquita RF, De araújo ribeiro LA, De lima JT. Spasmolytic Activity of Carvone and Limonene Enantiomers. Nat Prod Commun. 2015;10(11):1893-6.
- Valente J, Zuzarte M, Gonçalves MJ, et al. Antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Oenanthe crocata L. essential oil. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;62:349-54.
- Glisic, S., Milojevic, S., Dimitrijevic, S., Orlovic, A., & Skala, D. (2007). Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and different fractions of Juniperus communis L. and a comparison with some commercial antibiotics. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 72(4), 311-320. doi:10.2298/jsc0704311g
- Berger, R. G. (2007). Flavours and fragrances: Chemistry, bioprocessing and sustainability. Berlin: Springer.
- Li H, Yang T, Li FY, Yao Y, Sun ZM. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of Monarda punctata essential oil and its main components against common bacterial pathogens in respiratory tract. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7(11):7389-98.
doTERRA Cinnamon Bark Study
Han X, Parker TL. Antiinflammatory Activity of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) Bark Essential Oil in a Human Skin Disease Model. Phytotherapy Research. 2017;31(7):1034-1038. doi:10.1002/ptr.5822.
Skin Cells and Essential Oils
- Han, X., Beaumont, C., Stevens, N., & Parker, T. L. (2017). Chemical composition analysis and in vitro biological activities of ten essential oils in human skin cells. Biochimie Open. doi:10.1016/j.biopen.2017.04.001
- Berg, E. L., Yang, J., Melrose, J., Nguyen, D., Privat, S., Rosler, E., . . . Ekins, S. (2010). Chemical target and pathway toxicity mechanisms defined in primary human cell systems. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 61(1), 3-15
- Bergamini, G., Bell, K., Shimamura, S., Werner, T., Cansfield, A., Müller, K., … Neubauer, G. (2012). A selective inhibitor reveals PI3Kγ dependence of T(H)17 cell differentiation. Nature Chemical Biology, 8(6), 576–582. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.957
Caryophyllene Supports Osteoblast Function
- Shan, J., Chen, L., & Lu, K. (2016). Protective effects of trans-caryophyllene on maintaining osteoblast function. IUBMB Life, 69(1), 22-29. doi:10.1002/iub.1584
- Marieb, E. N., Hoehn, K., & Hutchinson, M. (2013). Human anatomy & physiology. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education/Benjamin Cummings.
doTERRA Bergamot Study
- Chang K and Shen W. Aromatherapy benefits autonomic nervous system regulation for elementary school faculty in Taiwan. Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med. ECAM. 2011;2011:946537.
- Ni C, et al .The Anxiolytic Effect of Aromatherapy on Patients Awaiting Ambulatory Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2013;2013:1–5.
- Watanabe E, et al. Mood enhancement by bergamot (Citrus bergamia (Risso) Wright & Arn.) volatile oil vapor with regards to personality and lifestyle related changes in salivary cortisol levels: A randomized cross-over trial. Planta Med. 2013;79(13).
- Watanabe E, et al. Effects of bergamot (Citrus bergamia (Risso) Wright & Arn.) essential oil aromatherapy on mood states, parasympathetic nervous system activity, and salivary cortisol levels in 41 healthy females. Forsch. KomplementärmedizinResearch Complement. Med.2015;22(1):43–49.
- Han X, Gibson J, eggett D, and Parker T. Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) essential oil inhalation improves positives feelings in the waiting room of a mental health treatment center: A pilot study. Phytotherapy research. 2017. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5806.
Linalyl Acetate
- Igarashi T. Physical and psychologic effects of aromatherapy inhalation on pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2013;19(10):805-810.
- Peana A, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils. Phytomedicine Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm. 2002;9(8):721–726.
- Barocelli E.Antinociceptive and gastroprotective effects of inhaled and orally administered Lavandula hybrida Reverchon Grosso essential oil. Life Sci. 2004;76(2):213–223.
- Tadtong S, et al. Antimicrobial activity of blended essential oil preparation. Nat. Prod. Commun.2012;7(10):1401–1404.
Linalool and GABA Receptors
Milanos S, Elsharif SA, Janzen D, Buettner A, Villmann C. Metabolic Products of Linalool and Modulation of GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptors. Front Chem. 2017 Jun 21;5:46. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00046. eCollection 2017.
doTERRA Clove Study
Han et al. 2017. Anti-inflammatory activity of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oil in human dermal fibroblasts. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1), 1619–1622. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1314513.
Neurologic Health and Cinnamaldehyde
Bae WY, Choi JS, Jeong JW. The Neuroprotective Effects of Cinnamic Aldehyde in an MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(2). pii: E551. doi: 10.3390/ijms19020551.
Plant Enzymes Synthesize Essential Oil Constituents
Filipe A, Cardoso JCR, Miguel G et al. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a monoterpene synthase isolated from the aromatic wild shrub Thymus albicans. J Plant Physiol. 2017 Jul 21;218:35-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.07.013.
Menthol
- Kamatou G, et al. Menthol: a simple monoterpene with remarkable biological properties. Phytochemistry. 2013;96:15–25.
- Yosipovitch G, et al. Effect of topically applied menthol on thermal, pain and itch sensations and biophysical properties of the skin. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 1996;288(5-6):245–248.
- Samber N, et al. Synergistic anti-candidal activity and mode of action of Mentha piperita essential oil and its major components. Pharm. Biol. 2015;53(10):1496–1504.
- A. M. Sabzghabaee A, et al. Role of menthol in treatment of candidial napkin dermatitis. World J. Pediatr. WJP. 2011;7(2):167–170.
- Eccles R. and Jones S. The effect of menthol on nasal resistance to air flow. J. Laryngol. Otol. 1983;97(8):705–709.
- Eccles R, et al. The effects of menthol isomers on nasal sensation of airflow. Clin. Otolaryngol. Allied Sci. 1988;13(1):25–29.
- Eccles R, et al. The effects of oral administration of (-)-menthol on nasal resistance to airflow and nasal sensation of airflow in subjects suffering from nasal congestion associated with the common cold. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1990;42(9):652–654.
- Raut J, et al. Terpenoids of plant origin inhibit morphogenesis, adhesion, and biofilm formation by Candida albicans. Biofouling. 2013;29(1): 87–96.
- Schelz Z, et al. Antimicrobial and antiplasmid activities of essential oils. Fitoterapia. 2006;77(4):279–285.
- Ashoor A, et al. Menthol inhibits 5-HT3 receptor-mediated currents. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2013;347(2):398–409.
- Wang Y, et al. Menthol inhibits the proliferation and motility of prostate cancer DU145 cells. Pathol. Oncol. Res. POR. 2012;18(4):903–910.
- Russin W, et al. Inhibition of rat mammary carcinogenesis by monoterpenoids. Carcinogenesis. 1989:10(11):2161–2164.
- Charles C, et al. Early benefits with daily rinsing on gingival health improvements with an essential oil mouthrinse–post-hoc analysis of 5 clinical trials. J. Dent. Hyg. JDH Am. Dent. Hyg. Assoc. 2014;88(1): 40–50.
- Kumar P, et al. Biocontrol potential of essential oil monoterpenes against housefly. Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae),” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.. 2014;100:1–6.
Thymoquinone Interacts with DNA
- Sharpless NE & DePinho RA. Telomeres, stem cells, senescence, and cancer. J Clin Invest. 2004 Jan 15; 113(2): 160–168. doi: 10.1172/JCI200420761.
- Maria A. Blasco. Telomeres and human disease: ageing, cancer and beyond. Nature Reviews Genetics 6, 611-622 (August 2005). doi:10.1038/nrg1656.
- Salem AA, El Haty IA, Abdou IM et al. Interaction of human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA with thymoquinone: a possible mechanism for thymoquinone anticancer effect. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Feb;1850(2):329-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.10.018. Epub 2014 Oct 24.
- Huiqi Li, Karin Engström, Marie Vahter, Karin Broberg. Arsenic Exposure through Drinking Water Is Associated with Longer Telomeres in Peripheral Blood. Chem Res Toxicol. 2012 Nov 19; 25(11): 2333–2339. Published online 2012 Aug 23. doi: 10.1021/tx300222t
- Shin JY, Choi YY, Jeon HS, Hwang JH, Kim SA, Kang JH, Chang YS, Jacobs DR Jr, Park JY, Lee DH. Low-dose persistent organic pollutants increased telomere length in peripheral leukocytes of healthy Koreans. Mutagenesis. 2010 Sep;25(5):511-6. doi: 10.1093/mutage/geq035. Epub 2010 Jul 8.
doTERRA Rosemary and Wild Orange Study
Han et al. (2017). Essential oils diversely modulate genome-wide gene expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Cogent Medicine, 4(1), 1307591. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2017.1307591
doTERRA Juniper Berry Study
- Höferl, M., Stoilova, I., Schmidt, E., Wanner, J., Jirovetz, L., Trifonova, D., . . . Krastanov, A. (2014). Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Juniper Berry (Juniperus communis L.) Essential Oil. Action of the Essential Oil on the Antioxidant Protection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Model Organism. Antioxidants, 3(1), 81-98. doi:10.3390/antiox3010081
- Han et. al. (2017). Lemongrass ( Cymbopogon flexuosus ) essential oil demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect in pre-inflamed human dermal fibroblasts. Biochimie Open, 4, 107-111. doi:10.1016/j.biopen.2017.03.004
- Ward, S. (2012). Faculty of 1000 evaluation for A selective inhibitor reveals PI3Kγ dependence of TH17 cell differentiation. F1000 – Post-publication peer review of the biomedical literature.
- Berg, E. L., Yang, J., Melrose, J., Nguyen, D., Privat, S., Rosler, E., . . . Ekins, S. (2010). Chemical target and pathway toxicity mechanisms defined in primary human cell systems. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 61(1), 3-15
doTERRA Vetiver Study
- Han et al. (2017). Biological activity of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) essential oil in human dermal fibroblasts. Cogent Medicine, 4(1).
- Ward, S. (2012). Faculty of 1000 evaluation for A selective inhibitor reveals PI3Kγ dependence of TH17 cell differentiation. F1000 – Post-publication peer review of the biomedical literature.
- Berg, E. L., Yang, J., Melrose, J., Nguyen, D., Privat, S., Rosler, E., & Ekins, S. (2010). Chemical target and pathway toxicity mechanisms defined in primary human cell systems. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 61(1), 3-15
- Herum, K., Lunde, I., Mcculloch, A., & Christensen, G. (2017). The Soft- and Hard-Heartedness of Cardiac Fibroblasts: Mechanotransduction Signaling Pathways in Fibrosis of the Heart. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6(6), 53. doi:10.3390/jcm6050053
doTERRA Oregano Oil Study
- Han, X., & Parker, T. L. (2017). Biological activity of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) essential oil in human dermal fibroblasts. Cogent Medicine, 4(1).
- R.B. Bostancıoglu, M. Ku¨rkçu¨oglu, K.H.C. Bas‚er, A.T. Koparal, Assessment of anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoral potentials of Origanum onites L. essential oil, Food Chem. Toxicol. Int. J. Publ. Br. Ind. Biol. Res. Assoc. 50 (2012) 2002e2008, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012. 03.074.
- W.Z. Liang, C.H. Lu, Carvacrol-induced [Ca2þ]i rise and apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells, Life Sci. 90 (2012) 703e711, http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2012.03.027.
Drought and Essential Oil Production in Sage
Radwan A, Kleinwächter M, Selmar D. Impact of drought stress on specialised metabolism: Biosynthesis and the expression of monoterpene synthases in sage (Salvia officinalis). Phytochemistry. 2017. 24;141:20-26. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.05.005.
Caterpillars Use Essential Oil Constituents
- Burger, B.V., Munro, Z., Roth, M., Spies, H.S.C., Truter, V. and Greetsema, H. 1985. Constituents of osmeterial secretion of prefinal instar larvae of citrus swallowtail, Papilio demodocus (Esper) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 11 (8): 1093-1114.
- Chattopadhyay, J. 2011. The structure and defensive efficacy of glandular secretion of the larval osmeterium in Graphium agamemnon agamemnon Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae).
- Damman, H. 1986. The osmeterial glands of the swallowtail butterfly Eurytides Marcellus as a defense against natural enemies. Ecol.Entomol. 11: 261-265.
- Chow, Y.S. and Tsai, R.S. 1989. Protective chemicals in caterpillar survival. Experientia (Basel) 45 (4): 390-392.
- Honda, K. 1981. Larval osmeterial secretions of the swallowtails. J. Chern. Ecol. 7: 1089-1113.
- Zakharov EV, Caterino MS, Sperling FA. Molecular phylogeny, historical biogeography, and divergence time estimates for swallowtail butterflies of the genus Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Syst Biol. 2004 Apr;53(2):193-215.
Santalol
- M. Sharma et al., “Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Cytokine/Chemokine Production in Skin Cells by Sandalwood Oils and Purified α-santalol and β-santalol,” Phytother. Res., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 925–932, Jun. 2014.
- B. L. Arasada, A. Bommareddy, X. Zhang, K. Bremmon, and C. Dwivedi, “Effects of alpha-santalol on proapoptotic caspases and p53 expression in UVB irradiated mouse skin,” Anticancer Res., vol. 28, no. 1A, pp. 129–132, Feb. 2008.
- T. Ochi, H. Shibata, T. Higuti, K. Kodama, T. Kusumi, and Y. Takaishi, “Anti-Helicobacter pylori compounds from Santalum album,” J. Nat. Prod., vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 819–824, Jun. 2005.
- E. Heuberger, T. Hongratanaworakit, and G. Buchbauer, “East Indian Sandalwood and alphasantalol odor increase physiological and self-rated arousal in humans,” Planta Med., vol. 72, no. 9, pp. 792–800, Jul. 2006.
Chemistry of Douglas Fir Essential Oil
- Guzmán-Gutiérrez, S. L., Bonilla-Jaime, H., Gómez-Cansino, R. & Reyes-Chilpa, R. Linalool and β-pinene exert their antidepressant-like activity through the monoaminergic pathway. Life Sci. 128, 24–29 (2015).
- Bae, G.-S. et al. Protective effects of alpha-pinene in mice with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Life Sci. 91, 866–871 (2012).
- Kim, D.-S. et al. Alpha-Pinene Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity Through the Suppression of MAPKs and the NF-κB Pathway in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages. Am. J. Chin. Med. 43, 731–742 (2015).
- Nam, S.-Y. et al. The therapeutic efficacy of α-pinene in an experimental mouse model of allergic rhinitis. Int. Immunopharmacol. 23, 273–282 (2014).
- Matthys, H. et al. Efficacy and tolerability of myrtol standardized in acute bronchitis. A multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group clinical trial vs. cefuroxime and ambroxol. Arzneimittelforschung. 50, 700–711 (2000).
- Meister, R., Wittig, T., Beuscher, N. & de Mey, C. Efficacy and tolerability of myrtol standardized in long-term treatment of chronic bronchitis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Study Group Investigators. Arzneimittelforschung. 49, 351–358 (1999).
- Sengespeik, H. C., Zimmermann, T., Peiske, C. & de Mey, C. [Myrtol standardized in the treatment of acute and chronic respiratory infections in children. A multicenter post-marketing surveillance study]. Arzneimittelforschung. 48, 990–994 (1998).
- Begrow, F., Böckenholt, C., Ehmen, M., Wittig, T. & Verspohl, E. J. Effect of myrtol standardized and other substances on the respiratory tract: ciliary beat frequency and mucociliary clearance as parameters. Adv. Ther. 29, 350–358 (2012).
- Niccolini P, Pasotti V, Caliari W. New Pharmacological properties of detla-3-carene. Antibacterial and expectorant effects. Boll Chim Farm. 1964 Aug;103:598-608.
- Borges, A., Lopez-Romero, J. C., Oliveira, D., Giaouris, E. & Simões, M. Prevention, removal and inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms using selected monoterpenes of essential oils. J. Appl. Microbiol. (2017). doi:10.1111/jam.13490
- Valente, J. et al. Antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Oenanthe crocata L. essential oil. Food Chem. Toxicol. 62, 349–354 (2013).
- Quiroga, P. R., Asensio, C. M. & Nepote, V. Antioxidant effects of the monoterpenes carvacrol, thymol and sabinene hydrate on chemical and sensory stability of roasted sunflower seeds. J. Sci. Food Agric. 95, 471–479 (2015).
- Ito K, Ito M. The sedative effect of inhaled terpinolene in mice and its structure-activity relationships. J Nat Med. 2013 Oct;67(4):833-7. doi: 10.1007/s11418-012-0732-1.
doTERRA Lifelong Vitality Pack® Study
Han et al. 2017. Evaluation of the health effects of a multivitamin mineral herbal essential oil-infused supplement: a pilot trial. Journal of Dietary Supplements. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1331943
doTERRA Serenity Restful Complex Clinical Trial
- von Ruesten A, Weikert C, and Boeing H. Association of sleep deprivation with chronic diseases in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study. PLOS One. 2012. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030972
- Al Khatib H, harding S, Darzi J, and Pot G. The effects of partial sleep deprivation on energy balance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2017;71(5):614-624.
- Ferrie J, et al. Sleep epidemiology–a rapidly growing field. International Journal of Epidemiology.
- Stevens N, Dorsett J, DaBell A, Egget D, Han X, Parker T. Subjective assessment of the effects of an herbal supplement containing lavender essential oil on sleep quality: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Cogent Medicine. 2017. doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2017.1380871.
Eucalyptol
- Worth H, et al. Concomitant therapy with Cineole (Eucalyptole) reduces exacerbations in COPD: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Respir. Res. 2009;10:69.
- Worth H. and Dethlefsen U. Patients with asthma benefit from concomitant therapy with cineole: a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. J. Asthma Off. J. Assoc. Care Asthma. 2012:49(8): 849–853.
- Juergens U, et al. Antiinflammatory activity of 1.8-cineol (eucalyptol) in bronchial asthma: a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Respir. Med.2003;97(3):250–256.
- Kehrl W, et al. Therapy for acute nonpurulent rhinosinusitis with cineole: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The Laryngoscope. 2004;114(4):738–742.
- Mimica-Dukić N, et al. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of three Mentha species essential oils. Planta Med. 2003:69(5):413–419.
- Yu D, et al. Antifungal modes of action of tea tree oil and its two characteristic components against Botrytis cinerea. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2015:119(5):1253–1262.
- Kumar P, et al. Biocontrol potential of essential oil monoterpenes against housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2014:100:1–6.
- Toloza A, et al. Fumigant and repellent properties of essential oils and component compounds against permethrin-resistant Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Argentina. J. Med. Entomol. 2006:43(5):889–895.
doTERRA Anchor Chemistry
- S. Dayawansa, K. Umeno, H. Takakura, E. Hori, E. Tabuchi, Y. Nagashima, H. Oosu, Y. Yada, T. Suzuki, T. Ono, and H. Nishijo, “Autonomic responses during inhalation of natural fragrance of ‘Cedrol’ in humans,” Auton. Neurosci., vol. 108, no. 1–2, pp. 79–86, Oct. 2003.
- Y. Yada, H. Sadachi, Y. Nagashima, and T. Suzuki, “Overseas survey of the effect of cedrol on the autonomic nervous system in three countries,” J. Physiol. Anthropol., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 349–354, 2007.
- Milanos S, Elsharif SA, Janzen D et al. Metabolic Products of Linalool and Modulation of GABAA receptors. Front Chem. 2017 Jun 21;5:46. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00046. eCollection 2017.
- D. Nord and J. Belew, “Effectiveness of the essential oils lavender and ginger in promoting children’s comfort in a perianesthesia setting,” J. Perianesthesia Nurs. Off. J. Am. Soc. PeriAnesthesia Nurses Am. Soc. PeriAnesthesia Nurses, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 307–312, Oct. 2009.
- R. McCaffrey, D. J. Thomas, and A. O. Kinzelman, “The effects of lavender and rosemary essential oils on test-taking anxiety among graduate nursing students,” Holist. Nurs. Pract., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 88–93, Apr. 2009.
- Zhu R, Liu H, Liu C et al. Cinnamaldehyde in diabetes: A review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and safety. Pharmacol Res. 2017 Aug;122:78-89. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.019.
doTERRA Align Chemistry
- Soto-Vásquez MR, Alvarado-García PA. Aromatherapy with two essential oils from Satureja genre and mindfulness meditation to reduce anxiety in humans. J Tradit Complement Med. 2016;7(1):121-125.
- D. P. de Sousa, P. de Almeida Soares Hocayen, L. N. Andrade, and R. Andreatini, “A Systematic Review of the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Essential Oils in Animal Models,” Mol. Basel Switz., vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 18620–18660, 2015.
- L. Rombolà, M. T. Corasaniti, D. Rotiroti, C. Tassorelli, S. Sakurada, G. Bagetta, and L. A. Morrone, “Effects of systemic administration of the essential oil of bergamot (BEO) on gross behaviour and EEG power spectra recorded from the rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex,” Funct. Neurol., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 107–112, Jun. 2009.
- D. Amantea, V. Fratto, S. Maida, D. Rotiroti, S. Ragusa, G. Nappi, G. Bagetta, and M. T. Corasaniti, “Chapter 27 Prevention of Glutamate Accumulation and Upregulation of Phospho‐Akt may Account for Neuroprotection Afforded by Bergamot Essential Oil against Brain Injury Induced by Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rat,” in International Review of Neurobiology, vol. 85, Elsevier, 2009, pp. 389–405.
- T. Sakurada, H. Mizoguchi, H. Kuwahata, S. Katsuyama, T. Komatsu, L. A. Morrone, M. T. Corasaniti, G. Bagetta, and S. Sakurada, “Intraplantar injection of bergamot essential oil induces peripheral antinociception mediated by opioid mechanism,” Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 436–443, Jan. 2011.
- M. T. Corasaniti, J. Maiuolo, S. Maida, V. Fratto, M. Navarra, R. Russo, D. Amantea, L. A. Morrone, and G. Bagetta, “Cell signaling pathways in the mechanisms of neuroprotection afforded by bergamot essential oil against NMDA-induced cell death in vitro,” Br. J. Pharmacol., vol. 151, no. 4, pp. 518–529, Jun. 2007.
- H. Kuwahata, T. Komatsu, S. Katsuyama, M. T. Corasaniti, G. Bagetta, S. Sakurada, T. Sakurada, and K. Takahama, “Peripherally injected linalool and bergamot essential oil attenuate mechanical allodynia via inhibiting spinal ERK phosphorylation,” Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., vol. 103, no. 4, pp. 735–741, Feb. 2013.
- R. Tundis, M. R. Loizzo, M. Bonesi, F. Menichini, V. Mastellone, C. Colica, and F. Menichini, “Comparative study on the antioxidant capacity and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of Citrus aurantifolia Swingle, C. aurantium L., and C. bergamia Risso and Poit. peel essential oils,” J. Food Sci., vol. 77, no. 1, pp. H40-46, Jan. 2012.
- S. Darvesh, D. A. Hopkins, and C. Geula, “Neurobiology of butyrylcholinesterase,” Nat. Rev. Neurosci., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 131–138, Feb. 2003.
- L. A. Morrone, L. Rombolà, C. Pelle, M. T. Corasaniti, S. Zappettini, P. Paudice, G. Bonanno, and G. Bagetta, “The essential oil of bergamot enhances the levels of amino acid neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of rat: Implication of monoterpene hydrocarbons,” Pharmacol. Res., vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 255–262, Apr. 2007.
- K.-M. Chang and C.-W. Shen, “Aromatherapy benefits autonomic nervous system regulation for elementary school faculty in taiwan,” Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med. ECAM, vol. 2011, p. 946537, 2011.
- C.-H. Ni, W.-H. Hou, C.-C. Kao, M.-L. Chang, L.-F. Yu, C.-C. Wu, and C. Chen, “The Anxiolytic Effect of Aromatherapy on Patients Awaiting Ambulatory Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., vol. 2013, pp. 1–5, 2013.
- E. Watanabe, K. Kuchta, H. Rauwald, T. Kamei, and J. Imanishi, “Mood enhancement by bergamot (Citrus bergamia (Risso) Wright & Arn.) volatile oil vapor with regards to personality and lifestyle related changes in salivary cortisol levels: A randomized cross-over trial,” Planta Med., vol. 79, no. 13, Aug. 2013.
- K. Lemon, “An assessment of treating depression and anxiety with aromatherapy,” Int. J. Aromather., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 63–69, 2004.
- S.-H. Liu, T.-H. Lin, and K.-M. Chang, “The Physical Effects of Aromatherapy in Alleviating Work-Related Stress on Elementary School Teachers in Taiwan,” Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., vol. 2013, pp. 1–7, 2013.
- E. Watanabe, K. Kuchta, M. Kimura, H. W. Rauwald, T. Kamei, and J. Imanishi, “Effects of bergamot (Citrus bergamia (Risso) Wright & Arn.) essential oil aromatherapy on mood states,
- Muhammad Nadeem, Faqir Muhammad Anjum, Muhammad Issa Khan, Saima Tehseen, Ahmed El ‐ Ghorab, and Javed Iqbal Sultan, “Nutritional and medicinal aspects of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.),” Br. Food J., vol. 115, no. 5, pp. 743–755, May 2013.
- “Plant Care Guides :: National Gardening Association.” [Online]. Available: http://www.garden.org/plantguide/?q=show&id=3362. [Accessed: 17-Jul-2015].
- O. Cioanca, L. Hritcu, M. Mihasan, A. Trifan, and M. Hancianu, “Inhalation of coriander volatile oil increased anxiolytic-antidepressant-like behaviors and decreased oxidative status in beta-amyloid (1-42) rat model of Alzheimer’s disease,” Physiol. Behav., vol. 131, pp. 68–74, May 2014.
- I.-H. Kim, C. Kim, K. Seong, M.-H. Hur, H. M. Lim, and M. S. Lee, “Essential Oil Inhalation on Blood Pressure and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Prehypertensive and Hypertensive Subjects,” Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med. ECAM, vol. 2012, 2012.
- M.-C. Ou, Y.-F. Lee, C.-C. Li, and S.-K. Wu, “The effectiveness of essential oils for patients with neck pain: a randomized controlled study,” J. Altern. Complement. Med. N. Y. N, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 771– 779, Oct. 2014.
- T. Umezu, “Evaluation of the Effects of Plant-derived Essential Oils on Central Nervous System Function Using Discrete Shuttle-type Conditioned Avoidance Response in Mice: ESSENTIAL OILS AND AVOIDANCE RESPONSE,” Phytother. Res., vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 884–891, Jun. 2012.
- K. Kuroda, N. Inoue, Y. Ito, K. Kubota, A. Sugimoto, T. Kakuda, and T. Fushiki, “Sedative effects of the jasmine tea odor and (R)-(-)-linalool, one of its major odor components, on autonomic nerve activity and mood states,” Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., vol. 95, no. 2–3, pp. 107–114, Oct. 2005.
doTERRA Arise Chemistry
- Goepfert M, Liebl P, Herth N et al. Aroma oil therapy in palliative care: a pilot study with physiological parameters in conscious as well as unconscious patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. (2017) Jun 20. doi: 10.1007/s00432-017-2460-0
- Heuberger E, Hongratanaworakit T, Böhm C, Weber R, Buchbauer G. Effects of chiral fragrances on human autonomic nervous system parameters and self-evaluation. Chem Senses. 2001 Mar;26(3):281-92.
- Yang H, Woo J, Pae AN et al. α-Pinene, a Major Constituent of Pine Tree Oils, Enhances Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Mice through GABAA-benzodiazepine Receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 2016 Nov;90(5):530-539. Epub 2016 Aug 29.
- Matsubara E, Fukagawa M, Okamoto T et al. (-)-Bornyl acetate induces autonomic relaxation and reduces arousal level after visual display terminal work without any influences of task performance in low-dose condition. Biomed Res. 2011 Apr;32(2):151-7
- Matsubara E, Fukagawa M, Okamoto T et al. The essential oil of Abies sibirica (Pinaceae) reduces arousal levels after visual display terminal work. Flavour Frag J. 2011;26(3):204-210.
- Guzmán-Gutiérrez SL, Bonilla-Jaime H, Gómez-Cansino R et al. Linalool and β-pinene exert their antidepressant-like activity through the monoaminergic pathway. Life Sci. 2015 May 1;128:24-9. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.021.
Chemistry of Siberian Fir Oil
- Boyd EM, Sheppard EP. Nutmeg Oil and Camphene as Inhaled Expectorants. Arch Otolaryngol. 1970;92(4):372-378. doi:10.1001/archotol.1970.04310040060011
- Kim SH, Lee SY, Hong CY et al. Whitening and antioxidant activities of bornyl acetate and nezukol fractionated from Cryptomeria japonica essential oil. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2013 Oct;35(5):484-90. doi: 10.1111/ics.12069. Epub 2013 Jul 6.
- Yang H, Woo J, Pae AN et al. α-Pinene, a Major Constituent of Pine Tree Oils, Enhances Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Mice through GABAA-benzodiazepine Receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 2016 Nov;90(5):530-539. Epub 2016 Aug 29.
Blue Tansy Essential Oil
- Srivastava JK, Pandey M, Gupta S. Chamomile, a novel and selective COX-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. Life Sci. 2009 Nov 4; 85(19-20): 663–669.
- L. Ornano et al., “Chemopreventive and Antioxidant Activity of the Chamazulene-Rich Essential Oil Obtained from Artemisia arborescens L. Growing on the Isle of La Maddalena, Sardinia, Italy,” Chem. Biodivers., vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 1464–1474, Aug. 2013.
- J. Valente et al., “Antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Oenanthe crocata L. essential oil,” Food Chem. Toxicol., vol. 62, pp. 349–354, Dec. 2013.
- Rao VS, Menezes AM, Viana GS. Effect of myrcene on nociception in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1990 Dec;42(12):877-8.
- Hwang E, Ngo HTT, Park B, Seo SA, Yang JE, Yi TH. Myrcene, an Aromatic Volatile Compound, Ameliorates Human Skin Extrinsic Aging via Regulation of MMPs Production. Am J Chin Med. 2017;45(5):1113-1124. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X17500604. Epub 2017 Jun 28.
Endocannabinoids Explained
- Leweke FM, Piomelli C, Pahlisch F, et al. Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. Translational Psychiatry (2012) 2, e94; doi:10.1038/tp.2012.15
- Pertwee RG. The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Jan; 153(2): 199–215.
- A. Chicca et al., “Functionalization of β-caryophyllene generates novel polypharmacology in the endocannabinoid system,” ACS Chem. Biol., vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 1499–1507, Jul. 2014.
Copaiba Essential Oil
- A. G. da Silva et al., “Application of the essential oil from copaiba (Copaifera langsdori Desf.) for acne vulgaris: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial,” Altern. Med. Rev. J. Clin. Ther., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 69–75, Mar. 2012.
- S. S. Dahham et al., “The Anticancer, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of the Sesquiterpene β-Caryophyllene from the Essential Oil of Aquilaria crassna,” Mol. Basel Switz., vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 11808–11829, 2015.
- B. Bayala et al., “Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Proliferative Activities of Essential Oils of Plants from Burkina Faso,” PLoS ONE, vol. 9, no. 3, p. e92122, Mar. 2014.
- M. A. Abbas, M. O. Taha, M. A. Zihlif, and A. M. Disi, “β-Caryophyllene causes regression of endometrial implants in a rat model of endometriosis without affecting fertility,” Eur. J. Pharmacol., vol. 702, no. 1–3, pp. 12–19, Feb. 2013.
- M. I. Campos, W. Vieira, C. Campos, F. Aarestrup, and B. Aarestrup, “Atorvastatin and trans caryophyllene for the prevention of leukopenia in an experimental chemotherapy model in Wistar rats,” Mol. Clin. Oncol., Apr. 2015.
- D. Dias et al., “Copaiba Oil Suppresses Inflammatory Cytokines in Splenocytes of C57Bl/6 Mice Induced with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE),” Molecules, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 12814–12826, Aug. 2014.
- C. Vilanovabr, S. Ribeirobr, R. Machadobr, S. Vieirabr, S. debrLimabr, and P. Martins, “Evaluation of oil-resin activity of Copaifera sp. on gastric emptying in Rattus&lt;br&gt;novergicus,” Emir. J. Food Agric., vol. 23, no. 1, p. 394, 2013.
- Y.-T. Tung, M.-T. Chua, S.-Y. Wang, and S.-T. Chang, “Anti-inflammation activities of essential oil and its constituents from indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum) twigs,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 99, no. 9, pp. 3908–3913, Jun. 2008.
- M. J. Chavan, P. S. Wakte, and D. B. Shinde, “Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Caryophyllene oxide from Annona squamosa L. bark,” Phytomedicine Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 149–151, Feb. 2010.
- C. Ghelardini, N. Galeotti, L. Di Cesare Mannelli, G. Mazzanti, and A. Bartolini, “Local anaesthetic activity of beta-caryophyllene,” Farm. Soc. Chim. Ital. 1989, vol. 56, no. 5–7, pp. 387–389, Jul. 2001.
- J. Y. Cho, H.-J. Chang, S.-K. Lee, H.-J. Kim, J.-K. Hwang, and H. S. Chun, “Amelioration of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by oral administration of beta-caryophyllene, a sesquiterpene,” Life Sci., vol. 80, no. 10, pp. 932–939, Feb. 2007.
- F. A. Pieri, M. C. M. Mussi, J. E. Fiorini, M. A. S. Moreira, and J. M. Schneedorf, “Bacteriostatic effect of copaiba oil (Copaifera officinalis) against Streptococcus mutans,” Braz. Dent. J., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 36–38, 2012.
- A. O. Santos, T. Ueda-Nakamura, B. P. Dias Filho, V. F. Veiga Junior, A. C. Pinto, and C. V. Nakamura, “Effect of Brazilian copaiba oils on Leishmania amazonensis,” J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 120, no. 2, pp. 204–208, Nov. 2008.
- E. S. Otaguiri et al., “Antibacterial combination of oleoresin from Copaifera multijuga Hayne and biogenic silver nanoparticles towards Streptococcus agalactiae,” Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol., Dec. 2016.
- C. A. C. G. Simões, N. C. de O. Conde, G. N. Venâncio, P. S. L. L. Milério, M. F. C. L. Bandeira, and V. F. da Veiga Júnior, “Antibacterial Activity of Copaiba Oil Gel on Dental Biofilm,” Open Dent. J., vol. 10, pp. 188–195, May 2016.
- L. a. F. Paiva et al., “Protective effect of Copaifera langsdorffii oleo-resin against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats,” J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 51–56, Jul. 2004.
- A. Guimarães-Santos et al., “Copaiba Oil-Resin Treatment Is Neuroprotective and Reduces Neutrophil Recruitment and Microglia Activation after Motor Cortex Excitotoxic Injury,” Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med. ECAM, vol. 2012, 2012.
- C. Kobayashi et al., “Pharmacological evaluation of Copaifera multijuga oil in rats,” Pharm. Biol., vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 306–313, Mar. 2011.
- M. Curio, H. Jacone, J. Perrut, A. C. Pinto, V. F. V. Filho, and R. C. B. Silva, “Acute effect of Copaifera reticulata Ducke copaiba oil in rats tested in the elevated plus-maze: an ethological analysis,” J. Pharm. Pharmacol., vol. 61, no. 8, pp. 1105–1110, Aug. 2009.
- N. de M. Gomes, C. M. de Rezende, S. P. Fontes, M. E. Matheus, A. da C. Pinto, and P. D. Fernandes, “Characterization of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of fractions obtained from Copaifera multijuga Hayne,” J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 128, no. 1, pp. 177–183, Mar. 2010.
- N. M. Gomes, C. M. Rezende, S. P. Fontes, M. E. Matheus, and P. D. Fernandes, “Antinociceptive activity of Amazonian Copaiba oils,” J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 109, no. 3, pp. 486–492, Feb. 2007.
- V. F. Veiga Junior, E. C. Rosas, M. V. Carvalho, M. G. M. O. Henriques, and A. C. Pinto, “Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of copaiba oils from Copaifera cearensis Huber ex Ducke, Copaifera reticulata Ducke and Copaifera multijuga Hayne–a comparative study,” J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 112, no. 2, pp. 248–254, Jun. 2007.
- M. F. C. L. Bandeira et al., “Dentin Cleaning Ability of an Amazon Bioactive: Evaluation by Scanning Electron Microscopy,” Open Dent. J., vol. 10, pp. 182–187, May 2016.
- M. A. Dias-da-Silva, A. C. Pereira, M. C. Marin, and M. A. Salgado, “The influence of topic and systemic administration of copaiba oil on the alveolar wound healing after tooth extraction in rats,” J. Clin. Exp. Dent., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. e169–e173, Oct. 2013.
- P. L. Tobouti et al., “Influence of melaleuca and copaiba oils on Candida albicans adhesion,” Gerodontology, p. n/a-n/a, Nov. 2014.
- J. Nogueira Neto et al., “Changes in the volume and histology of endometriosis foci in rats treated with copaiba oil (Copaiferalangsdorffii),” Acta Cir. Bras., vol. 26, pp. 20–24, 2011.
- A. O. dos Santos et al., “Leishmania amazonensis: Effects of oral treatment with copaiba oil in mice,” Exp. Parasitol., vol. 129, no. 2, pp. 145–151, Oct. 2011.
- A. O. dos Santos, T. Ueda-Nakamura, B. P. Dias Filho, V. F. da Veiga Junior, and C. V. Nakamura, “Copaiba Oil: An Alternative to Development of New Drugs against Leishmaniasis,” Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., vol. 2012, pp. 1–7, 2012.
- L. R. M. Estevão, J. P. de Medeiros, L. Baratella-Evêncio, R. S. Simões, F. de S. Mendonça, and J. Evêncio-Neto, “Effects of the topical administration of copaiba oil ointment (Copaifera langsdorffii) in skin flaps viability of rats,” Acta Cir. Bras., vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 863–869, 2013.
- L. Garcia et al., “Biocompatibility assessment of pastes containing Copaiba oilresin, propolis, and calcium hydroxide in the subcutaneous tissue of rats,” J. Conserv. Dent. JCD, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 108–112, 2011.
- A. G. Guimarães et al., “Bioassay-guided evaluation of antioxidant and antinociceptive activities of carvacrol,” Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol., vol. 107, no. 6, pp. 949–957, Dec. 2010.
- L. G. Lucca et al., “Determination of β-caryophyllene skin permeation/retention from crude copaiba oil (Copaifera multijuga Hayne) and respective oil-based nanoemulsion using a novel HS-GC/MS method,” J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., vol. 104, pp. 144–148, Feb. 2015.
- G. Svetlichny et al., “Solid lipid nanoparticles containing copaiba oil and allantoin: development and role of nanoencapsulation on the antifungal activity,” Pharm., vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 155–164, Mar. 2015.
Beta-Caryophyllene
- Mackie K. Understanding cannabinoid psychoactivity with mouse genetic models. PLOS Biology. 2007. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050280
- Basu S. and Dittel B. Unraveling the complexities of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) immune regulation in health and disease. Immunologic Research. 2015;51(1):26-38.
- Toguri j, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of cannabinoid CB2 receptor activation in endotoxin-induced uveitis. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2014;171(6):1448-1461.
- Dhopeshwarker A. and Mackie K. CB2 cannabinoid receptors as a therapeutic agent – what does the future hold? Molecular Pharmacology.2014;86(4):430-437.
- Fidyt K, et al. β‐caryophyllene and β‐caryophyllene oxide—natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties. Cancer Medicine.2016;5(10):3007-3017.
doTERRA Cardamom Study
Han et al. 2017. Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) essential oil significantly inhibits vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and impacts genome-wide gene expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Cogent Medicine, 4(1), 1308066. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2017.1308066
doTERRA Melaleuca Study
Melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil demonstrates tissue-remodeling and metabolism-modulating activities in human skin cells, Xuesheng Han & Tory L. Parker, Cogent Biology (2017), 3: 1318476.
doTERRA Arborvitae Study
Han, X., & Parker, T. L. (2017). Arborvitae (Thuja plicata) essential oil significantly inhibited critical inflammation- and tissue remodeling-related proteins and genes in human dermal fibroblasts. Biochimie Open, 4, 56–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopen.2017.02.003
Alpha-Pinene
- Rivas da Silva A, et al. Biological activities of α-Pinene and β-Pinene enantiomers. Mol. Basel Switz. 2012; 17(6): 6305–6316.
- Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L, Gonçalves M, Hrimpeng K, Pinto J, Pinto E. Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Angelica major against Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus and dermatophyte species. J. Nat. Med. 2015;69(2):241–248.
- Kim D, et al. Alpha-Pinene Exhibits AntiInflammatory Activity through the Suppression of MAPKs and the NF-κB Pathway in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages. Am. J. Chin. Med. 2015; 43(4):731–742.
- Li X, et al. α-Pinene, linalool, and 1-octanol contribute to the topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of frankincense by inhibiting COX-2. J. Ethnopharmacol. Dec. 2015.
- Zhou J, Tang F, Mao G, Bian R. Effect of alpha-Pinene on nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B in THP-1 cells. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 2004;25(4):480–484.
- Kusuhara M, et al. Fragrant environment with α-Pinene decreases tumor growth in mice. Biomed. Res. Tokyo Jpn. 2012;33(1):57–61.
- Kim D, et al. Alpha-Pinene Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity Through the Suppression of MAPKs and the NF-κB Pathway in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages. Am. J. Chin. Med. 2015;43(4): 731–742.
- Zhou J, Tang F, Mao G, Bian R. Effect of alpha-Pinene on nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B in THP-1 cells. Acta Pharmacol. Sin.2004;25(4):480–484.
- Matthys H, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of myrtol standardized in acute bronchitis. A multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group clinical trial vs. cefuroxime and ambroxol. Arzneimittelforschung. 2000;50(8):pp. 700–711.
- Begrow F, et al. Effect of myrtol standardized and other substances on the respiratory tract: ciliary beat frequency and mucociliary clearance as parameters. Adv. Ther. 2012;29(4):350–358.
- Behrbohm H, Kaschke O, Sydow K. Effect of the phytogenic secretolytic drug Gelomyrtol forte on mucociliary clearance of the maxillary sinus. Laryngorhinootologie. 1995;74(12): 733–737.
doTERRA Frankincense Study
Han, X., Rodriguez, D., & Parker, T. L. (2017). Biological activities of frankincense essential oil in human dermal fibroblasts. Biochimie Open, 4, 31-35. doi:10.1016/j.biopen.2017.01.003
doTERRA Deep Blue® Study
- Han, X., & Parker, T. L. (2017). Essential oils diversely modulate genome-wide gene expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Cogent Medicine. 4(1). doi:10.1080/2331205x.2017.1307591
- Ward, S. (2012). Faculty of 1000 evaluation for A selective inhibitor reveals PI3Kγ dependence of TH17 cell differentiation. F1000 – Post-publication peer review of the biomedical literature.
- Berg, E. L., Yang, J., Melrose, J., Nguyen, D., Privat, S., Rosler, E., . . . Ekins, S. (2010). Chemical target and pathway toxicity mechanisms defined in primary human cell systems. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods. 61(1), 3-15.
doTERRA Lemongrass Study
- Han et. al. (2017). Lemongrass ( Cymbopogon flexuosus ) essential oil demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect in pre-inflamed human dermal fibroblasts. Biochimie Open. 4, 107-111. doi:10.1016/j.biopen.2017.03.004
- Ward, S. (2012). Faculty of 1000 evaluation for A selective inhibitor reveals PI3Kγ dependence of TH17 cell differentiation. F1000 – Post-publication peer review of the biomedical literature.
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Dilution with Essential Oil Nanoparticles
Trinetta V, Morgan MT, Coupland JN, et al. Essential Oils Against Pathogen and Spoilage Microorganisms of Fruit Juices: Use of Versatile Antimicrobial Delivery Systems. J Food Sci. 2017;82(2):471-476.
Aromatherapy and Meditation Combined to Reduce Stress
Soto-Vásquez MR, Alvarado-García PA. Aromatherapy with two essential oils from Satureja genre and mindfulness meditation to reduce anxiety in humans. J Tradit Complement Med. 2016;7(1):121-125.
Kumquat
- Choi H. Characteristic odor components of kumquat peel oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2005;53(5):1642-1647.
- Nouri A and Shafaghatlonbar A. Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of essential oil and organic extract from the peel and kernel parts of Citrus japonica Thunb. (kumquat) from Iran. Natural Products Research. 2016;30(9):1093-1097.
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- Yang E, et al. Inhibitory effects of Fortunella japonica var. margarita and Citrus sunki essential oils on nitric oxide production and skin pathogens. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung. 2010;57(1):15-27.
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- Zhou J, Tang F, Mao G, Bian R. Effect of alpha-pinene on nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B in THP-1 cells. Acta Pharmacol. Sin.2004;25(4):480–484.
Red Mandarin
- Bourgou S, et al. Changes of peel essential oil composition of four Tunisian citrus during fruit maturation. Scientific World Journal. 2012. doi: 10.1100/2012/528593.
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Sunny Citrus
- M.r S, et al. The comparison of the efficacy of citrus fragrance and fluoxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder. 2004:10(3):43–48.
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- Moss M, et al. Modulation of cognitive performance and mood by aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylang. Int. J. Neurosci. 2008;118(1):59–77.
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- Umezu T. Evaluation of the effects of plant-derived essential oils on central nervous system function using discrete shuttle-type conditioned avoidance response in mice. Phytother. Res. PTR. 2012; 26(6):884–891.
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- Samber N, et al. Synergistic anti-candidal activity and mode of action of Mentha piperita essential oil and its major components. Pharm. Biol.2015;53(10);1496-1504.
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Terpinen-4-ol
- Hart P, et al. Terpinen-4-ol, the main component of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil), suppresses inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes. Inflamm. Res. Off. J. Eur. Histamine Res. Soc. 2000;49(11):619–626.
- Nogueira M, Aquino S, Rossa C, Spolidorio D. Terpinen-4-ol and alphaterpineol (tea tree oil components) inhibit the production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 on human Macrophages. Inflamm. Res. Off. J. Eur. Histamine Res. Soc. 2014;63(9):769–778.
- Ninomiya K, et al. Suppression of inflammatory reactions by terpinen-4-ol, a main constituent of tea tree oil, in a murine model of oral candidiasis and its suppressive activity to cytokine production of macrophages in vitro. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2013;36(5):838–844.
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- Raman A, Weir U, Bloomfield S. Antimicrobial effects of tea-tree oil and its major components on Staphylococcus aureus, Staph. epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1995;21(4):242–245.
- Bozzuto G, Colone M, Toccacieli L, Stringaro A, Molinari A. Tea tree oil might combat Melanoma. Planta Med. 2011;77(1):54–56.
- Greay S, et al. Induction of necrosis and cell cycle arrest in murine cancer cell lines by Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and terpinen-4-ol. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.2010;65(5):877–888.
- Wu C, et al. Terpinen-4-ol Induces Apoptosis in Human Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med. ECAM. 2012:818261.
- Ninomiya K, et al. Suppression of inflammatory reactions by terpinen-4-ol, a main constituent of tea tree oil, in a murine model of oral candidiasis and its suppressive activity to cytokine production of macrophages in vitro. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2013;36(5):838–844.
- Taga I, Lan C, Altosaar I. Plant essential oils and mastitis disease: their potential inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to bacteria related inflammation. Nat. Prod. Commun. 2012;7(5):675–682.
- Ramage G, et al.. Antifungal, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory properties of tea tree oil and its derivative components: potential role in management of oral candidosis in cancer patients. Front. Microbiol. 2012; 3:220.
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Citronellol
- Gonzalez-Audino P, et al. Comparative toxicity of oxygenated monoterpenoids in experimental hydroalcoholic lotions to permethrin resistant adult head lice. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 2011;303(5):361–366.
- de O. Pereira F, et al. Antifungal activity of geraniol and citronellol, two monoterpenes alcohols, against Trichophyton rubrum involves inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. Pharm. Biol. 2015; 53(2): 228–234.
- Cronin H, Draelos Z. Top 10 botanical ingredients in 2010 anti-aging creams. J. Cosmet. Dermatol.2010;9(3):218–225.
- Nerio L, Olivero-Verbel J, Stashenko E. Repellent activity of essential oils: a review. Bioresour. Technol.2010; 101(1):372–378.
- Zhuang S, et al. Effect of citronellol and the Chinese medical herb complex on cellular immunity of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Phytother. Res. PTR. 2009;23(6): 785–790.
- Maggi F, et al. Chemical composition and in vitro biological activities of the essential oil of Vepris macrophylla (BAKER) I.VERD. endemic to Madagascar. Chem. Biodivers. 2013;10(3):356–366.
- Guerrini A, et al. Chemical characterization (GC/MS and NMR Fingerprinting) and bioactivities of South-African Pelargonium capitatum (L.) L’ Her. (Geraniaceae) essential oil. Chem. Biodivers. 2011;8(4):624–642.
Linalyl Acetate
- Igarashi T. Physical and psychologic effects of aromatherapy inhalation on pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2013;19(10):805-810.
- Peana A, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils. Phytomedicine Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm. 2002;9(8):721–726.
- Barocelli E.Antinociceptive and gastroprotective effects of inhaled and orally administered Lavandula hybrida Reverchon Grosso essential oil. Life Sci. 2004;76(2):213–223.
- Tadtong S, et al. Antimicrobial activity of blended essential oil preparation. Nat. Prod. Commun.2012;7(10):1401–1404.
Limonene
- Soković M, et al. Antibacterial effects of the essential oils of commonly consumed medicinal herbs using an in vitro model. Mol. Basel Switz. 2010. 15(11):7532–7546.
- Di Pasqua R, et al. Membrane toxicity of antimicrobial compounds from essential oils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007;55(12):4863–4870.
- Yang S, et al. Comparative study of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of six essential oils and their components. Nat. Prod. Res. 2010;24(2):140–151.
- Crowell P, et al. Human metabolism of the experimental cancer therapeutic agent d-limonene. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 1994;35(1):31–37.
- Manassero C, et al. In vitro comparative analysis of antiproliferative activity of essential oil from mandarin peel and its principal component limonene. Nat. Prod. Res. 2013;27(16):1475–1478.
- Zhang X, et al. Synergistic inhibitory effect of berberine and d-limonene on human gastric carcinoma cell line MGC803. J. Med. Food. 2014;17(9):955–962.
- Inouye S, Takizawa T, and Yamaguchi H. Antibacterial activity of essential oils and their major constituents against respiratory tract pathogens by gaseous contact. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2001;47(5):565–573.
- Kummer R, et al.Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Citrus latifolia Tanaka Essential Oil and Limonene in Experimental Mouse Models. Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med. ECAM. 2013: 859083.
- d’Alessio P, et al. Skin repair properties of d-Limonene and perillyl alcohol in murine models. Anti-Inflamm. Anti-Allergy Agents Med. Chem. 2014;13(1):29–35.
- Tan X, et al. Monoterpenes: Novel insights into their biological effects and roles on glucose uptake and lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Food Chem. 2016;196:242–250.
- Ostan R et al. Impact of diet and nutraceutical supplementation on inflammation in elderly people. Results from the RISTOMED study, an open-label randomized control trial. Clin. Nutr. Edinb. Scotl. Jul. 2015.
- Jing L, et al. Preventive and ameliorating effects of citrus D-limonene on dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2013;715(1–3): 46–55.
- Xie P, et al. Effect of toothpaste containing d-limonene on natural extrinsic smoking stain: a 4-week clinical trial. Am. J. Dent. 2010;23(4):196–200.
- Subramenium G, et al. Limonene inhibits streptococcal biofilm formation by targeting surface-associated virulence factors. J. Med. Microbiol. 2015;64(8):879–890.
Linalool
- S. Tadtong, S. Suppawat, A. Tintawee, P. Saramas, S. Jareonvong, and T. Hongratanaworakit, “Antimicrobial activity of blended essential oil preparation,” Nat. Prod. Commun., vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 1401–1404, Oct. 2012.
- A. Herman, K. Tambor, and A. Herman, “Linalool Affects the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Essential Oils,” Curr. Microbiol., vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 165–172, Feb. 2016.
- A. T. Peana, P. S. D’Aquila, F. Panin, G. Serra, P. Pippia, and M. D. L. Moretti, “Anti-inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils,” Phytomedicine Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm., vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 721–726, Dec. 2002.
- A. T. Peana, S. Marzocco, A. Popolo, and A. Pinto, “(-)-Linalool inhibits in vitro NO formation: Probable involvement in the antinociceptive activity of this monoterpene compound,” Life Sci., vol. 78, no. 7, pp. 719–723, Jan. 2006.
- M. Linck, A. L. da Silva, M. Figueiró, A. L. Piato, A. P. Herrmann, F. Dupont Birck, E. B. Caramão, D. S. Nunes, P. R. H. Moreno, and E. Elisabetsky, “Inhaled linalool-induced sedation in mice,” Phytomedicine Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 303–307, Apr. 2009.
- T. Umezu, “Evaluation of the Effects of Plant-derived Essential Oils on Central Nervous System Function Using Discrete Shuttle-type Conditioned Avoidance Response in Mice: ESSENTIAL OILS AND AVOIDANCE RESPONSE,” Phytother. Res., vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 884–891, Jun. 2012.
- K. Kuroda, N. Inoue, Y. Ito, K. Kubota, A. Sugimoto, T. Kakuda, and T. Fushiki, “Sedative effects of the jasmine tea odor and (R)-(-)-linalool, one of its major odor components, on autonomic nerve activity and mood states,” Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., vol. 95, no. 2–3, pp. 107–114, Oct. 2005.
- E. Barocelli, F. Calcina, M. Chiavarini, M. Impicciatore, R. Bruni, A. Bianchi, and V. Ballabeni, “Antinociceptive and gastroprotective effects of inhaled and orally administered Lavandula hybrida Reverchon ‘Grosso’ essential oil,” Life Sci., vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 213–223, Nov. 2004.
The Importance of Sourcing
Satyal P, Murray BL, McFeeters RL, et al. Essential Oil Characterization of Thymus vulgaris from Various Geographical Locations. Foods. 2016;5(4). doi: 10.3390/foods5040070.
doTERRA Balance® Grounding Blend
Chang S. Effects of aroma hand massage on pain, state anxiety and depression in hospice patients with terminal cancer. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2008;38(4):493–502.
AromaTouch® Oil Blend: Chemistry of Usage
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- Johnson JR, Rivard RL, Griffin KH, et al. The effectiveness of nurse-delivered aromatherapy in an acute care setting. Complement Ther Med. 2016;25:164-9.
- Varney E, Buckle J. Effect of inhaled essential oils on mental exhaustion and moderate burnout: a small pilot study. J Altern Complement Med. 2013;19(1):69-71.
- Toda M, Morimoto K. Effect of lavender aroma on salivary endocrinological stress markers. Arch Oral Biol. 2008;53(10):964-968.
- Cooke M, Holzhauser K, Jones M, Et Al. The effect of aromatherapy massage with music on the stress and anxiety levels of emergency nurses: comparison between summer and winter. J Clin Nurs. 2007;16(9):1695-1703.
- Lima NG, De Sousa DP, Pimenta FC, Et Al. Anxiolytic-like activity and GC-MS analysis of (R)-(+)-limonene fragrance, a natural compound found in foods and plants. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2013;103(3):450-454.
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- Umezu T. Evaluation of the effects of plant-derived essential oils on central nervous system function using discrete shuttle-type conditioned avoidance response in mice. Phytother Res. 2012;26(6):884-891.
The Chemistry of Petitgrain Essential Oil
- Linck V, da Silva A, Figueiro M, Piato A, Herrmann A, Dupont Dirck F, Caramao E, Nunes D, Moreno P, and Elisabetsky E. Inhaled linalool-induced sedation in mice. Phytomedicine Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm. 2009; 16(4):303-307.
- Umezu T. Evaluation of the effects of plant-derived essential oils on central nervous system function using discrete shuttle-type conditioned avoidance response in mice. Phytother. Res. 2012; 26(6):884-891.
- Kuroda K, Inoue N, Ito Y, Kubota K, Sugimoto A, Kakuda T, Fushiki T. Sedative effects of the jasmine tea odor and (R)-(-)-linalool, one of its major odor components, on autonomic nerve activity and mood states. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2005; 95(2-3):107-114.
- Tadtong S, Suppawat S, Tintawee A, Saramas P, Jareonvong S, Hongratanaworakit T. Antimicrobial activity of blended essential oil preparation. Nat. Prod. Commun. 2012; 7(10):1401-1404.
- Ellouze I, Abderrabba M, Sabaou N, Mathieu F, Lebrihi A, Bouajila J. Season’s variation impact on Citrus aurantium leaves essential oil: chemical composition and biological activities. J. Food Sci. 2012; 77(9):T173-180.
- Koto R, Imamura M, Watanabe C, Obayashi S, Shiraishi M, Sasaki Y, Azuma H. Linalyl acetate as a major ingredience of lavender essential oil relaxes the rabbit vascular smooth muscle through dephosphorylation of myosin light chain. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2006; 48(1):850-856.
- Barocelli E, Calcina F, Chiavarini M, Impicciatore M, Bruni R, Bianchi A, Ballabeni V. Antinociceptive and gastroprotective effects of inhaled and orally administered Lavandula hybrida Reverchon Grosso essential oil. Life Sci. 2004; 76(2):213-223.
- Peana A, D’Aquila P, Panin F, Serra G, Pippia P, Moretti M. Anti-inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils. Phytomedicine Int. J. Phytother. Pyhtopharm. 2002; 9(8): 921-726.
- Takahashi M, Satou T, Ohashi M, Hayashi S, Sadamoto K, Koike K. Interspecies comparison of chemical composition and anxiolytic-like effects of lavender oils upon inhalation. Nat. Prod. Commun. 2011; 6(11):1769-1774.
- Sarrou E, Chatzopoulou P, Dimassi-Theriou K, Therios I. Volatile Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Peel, Flowers and Leaf Oils of Citrus aurantium L. Growing in Greece. Molecules. 2013; 18(9): 10639-10647.
- Chaiyana W, Okonogi S. Inhibition of cholinesterase by essential oil from food plant. Phytomedicine Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharm. 2012; 19(8-9):836-839.
Monoterpenes: Taking a Deeper Breath
Paparoupa M, Gillissen A. Is Myrtol® Standardized a New Alternative toward Antibiotics? Pharmacogn Rev. 2016;10(20):143-146. DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.194045.
The Antioxidant Benefits of Carvacrol
Türkez H, Aydın E. Investigation of cytotoxic, genotoxic and oxidative properties of carvacrol in human blood cells. Toxicol Ind Health. 2016;32(4):625-33. doi: 10.1177/0748233713506771.
Marjoram Essential Oil May Support Neurological Function
- Cummings JL, Vinters HV, Cole GM, Khachaturian ZS. Alzheimer’s disease: Etiologies, pathophysiology. Cognitive reserve and treatment opportunities. Neurology. 1988;51:2-17
- Hajlaoui H, Mighri H, Aouni M, Gharsallah N, Kadri A. Chemical composition and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties of Tunisian Origanum majorana L. essential oil. Microb Pathog. 2016;95:86-94. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.03.003.
Plants Smell Terpenes
Matsui K. A portion of plant airborne communication is endorsed by uptake and metabolism of volatile organic compounds. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2016;32:24-30. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2016.05.005.
Eucalyptol and Seasonal Support
Li Y, Lai Y, Wang Y, Liu N, Zhang F, Xu P. 1, 8-Cineol Protect Against Influenza-Virus-Induced Pneumonia in Mice. Inflammation. 2016;39(4):1582-1593. doi:10.1007/s10753-016-0394-3.
Genetics of Lemongrass Essential Oil
Meena S, Kumar SR, Venkata Rao DK, et al. De Novo Sequencing and Analysis of Lemongrass Transcriptome Provide First Insights into the Essential Oil Biosynthesis of Aromatic Grasses. Front Plant Sci. 2016;7:1129. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01129.
Carvacrol and Thymol Support Healthy Immuno-Respiratory Resopnse in vitro
Khosravi AR, Erle DJ. Chitin-Induced Airway Epithelial Cell Innate Immune Responses Are Inhibited by Carvacrol/Thymol. PLoS ONE11(7):e0159459.
Vetiver is an Environmental Superhero
- Joy RJ. “Sunshine” Vetivergrass Chrysopogon zizanoides (L.) Roberty. USDA NRCS Plant Guid.
- Banerjee R, Goswami P, Pathak K, Mukherjee A. Vetiver grass: An environmental clean-up tool for heavy metal contaminated iron ore mine-soil. Ecol Eng. 2016;90:25-34.
- Singh V, Thakur L, Mondal P. Removal of Lead and Chromium from Synthetic Wastewater Using Vetiveria zizanoides. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water. 2015; 43(4):538-543.
- Vargas C. Perez-Esteban J, Escolastico C, Masaguer A, Moliner A. Phytoremediation of Cu and Zn by vetiver grass in mine soils amended with humic acids. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2016; 23(13):13521-13530.
Caryophyllene is a Cannabinoid
- Gertsch J, Leonti M, Raduner S. et al. Beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid. Proc Nac Acad Sci. 2008; 105(26):9099-9104.
- Nikan M, Nabavi SM, Manayi A, Ligands for cannabinoid receptors, promising anticancer agents. Life Sci. 2016; 146:124-130.
Terpenes in the Air
- Alves EG, Jardine K, Tota J, et al. Seasonality of isoprenoid emissions from a primary rainforest in central Amazonia. Atmos Chem Phys. 2016; 16(6):3903-3925.
- Geron C, Rasmussen R, R. Arnts R, Guenther A. A review and synthesis of monoterpene speciation from forests in the United States. Atmos Environ. 2000; 34(11):1761-1781.
Oregano Supports Healthy Intestinal Morphology
Zou Y, Xiang Q, Wang J, et al. Oregano Essential Oil Improves Intestinal Morphology and Expression of Tight Junction Proteins Associated with Modulation of Selected Intestinal Bacteria and Immune Status in a Pig Model. Biomed Res Int. 2016; 2016:1-11.
Evolution of Spiders to Take Advantage of Essential Oils
Tedore C, Johnsen S. Immunological dependence of plant-dwelling animals on the medicinal properties of their plant substrates: a preliminary test of a novel evolutionary hypothesis. Arthropod Plant Interact. 2015; 9(5):437-446.
Spearmint and Dill May Support Healthy Nervous System Function
Nogoceke FP, Barcaro IMR, de Sousa DP, Andreatini R. Antimanic-like effects of (R)-(-)-carvone and (S)-(+)-carvone in mice. Neurosci Lett. 2016:619:43-48.
Lice Repelled by Clove Oil
- Soonwera M, Wongnet O, Sittichok S. Ovicidal effect of essential oils from Zingiberaceae plants and Eucalytus globulus on eggs of head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer. Phytomedicine. 2018;47:93-104. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.050.
- Iwamatsu T, Miyamoto D, Mitsuno H, et al. Identification of repellent odorants to the body louse, Pediculus humanus corporis, in clove essential oil. Parasitol Res. 2016;115(4):1659-1666.
Omega-3 Supplementation Supports Full-Term Birth*
Kar S, Wong M, Rogozinska E, Thangaratinam S. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Prevention of Early Preterm Delivery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Studies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2015;198:40-46.
Linalool May Support Healthy Functioning of the Brain
Sabogal-Guáqueta AM, Osorio E, Cardona-Gómez GP. Linalool reverses neuropathological and behavioral impairments in old triple transgenic Alzheimer’s mice. Neuropharmacology. 2015;102:111-120.
Healthy Inflammation Response with Carvacrol
Kara M, Uslu S, Demirci F, Temel HE, Baydemir C. Supplemental carvacrol can reduce the severity of inflammation by influencing the production of mediators of inflammation. Inflammation. 2015;38(3):1020-1027.
Geraniol and Colon Health
- Soubh AA, Abdallah DM, El-Abhar HS. Geraniol ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis: Involvement of Wnt/β-catenin, p38MAPK, NFκB, and PPARγ signaling pathways. Life Sci. 2015;136:142-150.
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- De Fazio L, Spisni E, Cavazza E, et al. Dietary Geraniol by Oral or Enema Administration Strongly Reduces Dysbiosis and Systemic Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treated Mice. Front Pharmacol. 2016:7:38.
Research Shows that Concentration Matters
Llana-Ruiz-Cabello M, Gutiérrez-Praena D, Puerto M, Pichardo S, Jos Á, Cameán AM. In vitro pro-oxidant/antioxidant role of carvacrol, thymol and their mixture in the intestinal Caco-2 cell line. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015;29(4):647-656.
Cinnamaldehyde May Support Healthy Kidney Function
Huang J-S, Lee Y-H, Chuang L-Y, Guh J-Y, Hwang J-Y. Cinnamaldehyde and nitric oxide attenuate advanced glycation end products-induced the Jak/STAT signaling in human renal tubular cells. J Cell Biochem. 2015;116(6):1028-1038.
Potential Healthy Colon Cell Support with Cinnamaldehyde
Long M, Tao S, Rojo de la Vega M, et al. Nrf2-dependent suppression of azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon carcinogenesis by the cinnamon-derived dietary factor cinnamaldehyde. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2015;8(5):444-454.
Clove’s Eugenol Helps Maintain Normal Gastrointestinal Motility
Garabadu D, Shah A, Singh S, Krishnamurthy S. Protective effect of eugenol against restraint stress-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction: Potential use in irritable bowel syndrome. Pharm Biol. 2015;53(7):968-974.
Sandalwood May Support Healthy Cell Renewal
- Bianconi E, Piovesan A, Facchin F, et al. An estimation of the number of cells in the human body. Ann Hum Biol. 40(6):463-471.
- Santha S, Dwivedi C. Anticancer Effects of Sandalwood (Santalum album). Anticancer Res. 2015;35(6):3137-3145.
Reduce Sad Feelings with Essential Oils
Guzmán-Gutiérrez SL, Bonilla-Jaime H, Gómez-Cansino R, Reyes-Chilpa R. Linalool and β-pinene exert their antidepressant-like activity through the monoaminergic pathway. Life Sci. 2015;128:24-29.
Rose Plant Communication Helps Other Plants
Yu P, Su Y, Dong C, Yao C, Ding Y, Zhou X. Preliminary proteomic analysis of tobacco leaves affected by volatile organic compounds from floral scent of rose. Plant Growth Regul. 2014;75(3):689-694.
The Neuroprotective Effects of Beta-Caryophyllene
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Active Travel in Air Pollution
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Reliable Sources on Essential Oil Research
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Lemon Oil and Cardiovascular Health
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Sustaining Our Soil
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Tick-Repellent Properties of Essential Oils
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Age, Memory, and Essential Oils
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Psychological and Neurological Effects of Roman Chamomile
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Skin Aging and Essential Oils
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Fennel Oil and Healthy Inflammatory Response
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Geranium Oil Alleviates Anxious Feelings
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Childbirth and Essential Oils
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Fear of Dental Visits
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Nanoemulsion of Essential Oils
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Linalool and Blood Vessels
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A Chemist’s Perspective: Cannabinoids, Cannabis, and Caryophyllene
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Lavender Oil and Serotonin
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The Many Benefits of Quercetin
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The Necessity of Sleep
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Sunlight Energizes T-Cells
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Oxidized Monoterpenes
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Safety of Peppermint (menthol) and Eucalyptus (1,8-cineole) Use in Children
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Essential Oil Cellular Activity
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Peppermint & Ion Channels
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Is it Safe to Ingest Essential Oils?
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A Fresh Look at Dilution
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Unique Character of Essential Oils
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Internal Use of Essential Oils
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Mucous Membranes and Essential Oils
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- Voynow JA, Rubin BK. Mucins, mucus, and sputum. Chest. 2009;135(2):505-512.
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Bioactivity of Essential Oils
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Essential Oil Metabolism
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Essential Oil Topical Application: To Dilute or Not to Dilute
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Health & Wellness
Which Foods Are Good for Skin?
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UV Damage and Sunscreen
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Is the Sun Good or Bad for Your Skin?
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doTERRA DigestZen Digestive Blend
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Improving Gut Health with Probiotic and Prebiotic Supplements
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Essential Beard Oil
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doTERRA Anti-Aging Eye Cream
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doTERRA Phytoestrogen Essential Complex
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doTERRA Bone Nutrient Essential Complex
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Wild Orange Spotlight
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6. Jing L, et al. Preventive and ameliorating effects of citrus D-limonene on dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2013;715(1-3):46–55.
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Aromatherapy Massage with Geranium Essential Oil Reduces Pre-Menstrual Discomforts
Lotfipur-Rafsanjani SM, Ravari A, Ghorashi Z, Haji-Maghsoudi S, Akbarinasab J, Bekhradi R. Effects of Geranium Aromatherapy Massage on Premenstrual Syndrome: A Clinical Trial. Int J Prev Med. 2018;9:98. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_40_16.
Impact of Sitting on Lifespan
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Exercise and Mental Health
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High Intensity Exercise and your Liver
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Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) and Metabolic Health
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Bioavailability and the Lifelong Vitality Pack
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The Truth About Potatoes
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Circadian Rhythms and Weight Management
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Sleep Deprivation and Dehydration
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Protein Before Bed
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Love on the Brain
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Lifting is Good for the Heart
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Sleep for Your Heart’s Sake!
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Happiness and Physical Health
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Stressed Out? All You Need is Love!
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Aerobic Fitness and Mortality Risk
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Resolving for Success
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Peppermint Oil and Athletic Performance
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Dietary Fluctuation and Cardiovascular Health
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Grip Strength and Disease-Specific Mortality
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Health Through the Holidays
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Sleep Deprivation and Weight Management
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Acetyl-L-Carnitine Deficiency and Mood
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Childhood Obesity and Food Rewards
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Essential Fatty Acids and Cognitive Function
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The Benefits of Exercise May be Controlled by a Molecular “Switch”
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Long-Term Stimulant Use and Sleep
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Exercise Intensity and Chronic Disease
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“Leaning” on Leptin
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Chocolate Milk for Recovery
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Exercise and Chronic Back Pain
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Benefits of Lifelong Exercise
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Healthy Lifestyle Habits
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Healthy Food Choices Start in the Brain
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Benefits of Yoga for Kids
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Vitamin D and Visceral Fat
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Exercise Impacts Labor Outcomes
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Isometric Yoga to Reduce Fatigue
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Essential Oils Support the Cardiovascular System
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Sleep and Sugar Intake
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Zero-Calorie Sweeteners and Weight Management
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Household Cleaning and Respiratory Health
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Eggs and Health Myths
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Physical Fitness in Children
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Smartphones and Mental Health
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Impact of Poor Air Quality
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Living a Life of Health and Vitality
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Sleep Cycle and Life Expectancy
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Effects of Caloric Restriction on Overall Health
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Eating Slowly
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Cognitive Function and Yoga
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You Can’t Out-Train a Bad Diet
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Helping Teens Maintain Clear Skin
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Overeating and the Brain
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What We Eat vs. How We Feel
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Bone Health and Exercise
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Energy-Dense Food and Weight Gain
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Plants
Amjad Khan W, Chun-Mei H, Khan N, et al. Bioengineered Plants Can Be a Useful Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Biomed Res Int. 2017:7348919. doi: 10.1155/2017/7348919
The Key to Strength May Not Be Your Muscles
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Skin Care Routine
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Gut Microbiome Health
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Ancestry and Your Health
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Cinnamon and Metabolism
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Magnesium and Bone Health
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Gym Membership
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Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Obesity
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Morning Workout Appetite Cues
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Smart, but Risky, Phones
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Overeating “Healthy” Foods
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Eating Out, Eating More
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Filling Up with H2O
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Impulsivity and BMI
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Eat the Rainbow
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High Sugar Diet & Lifespan
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Sugary Sickness
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Waking up with Light
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Exercise Is Not a Cure-All
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Sleep Patterns and Homeostatic Hunger Mechanisms
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Support vs. Competition
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Nutrient-Dense Foods and Lifespan
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Building Muscle in Old Age
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Mindful Meditation
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Don’t Forget to Eat Your Quercetin and Galangin
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Music and Exercise
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Exercise and Biological Aging
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The Dangers of Yo-Yo Dieting
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Exercise and Laughter
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Exercise May Keep Your Brain Young
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Weighing in on Health
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Core Strength 101
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- Escamilla R. et al. Core muscle activation during swiss ball and traditional abdominal exercises. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2010;40:265-276.
- Schoenfeld B, Contreras B, Tiryaki-Sonmez R, Fontana F. An electromyographic comparison of a modified version of the plank with a long lever and posterior tilt versus the traditional plank exercise. Sports Biomechanics. 2014;13(3):296-306.
- Calatayud J, et al. Muscle activation during push-ups with different suspension training systems. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2014; 13(3):502-510.
- Youdas J, et al. Comparison of muscle-activation patterns during the conventional push-up and perfect pushup™ exercises. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2010;24:3352-3362.
Exhaling Fat
- Meerman R, Brown A. When somebody loses weight, where does the fat go? BMJ. 2014; 349:g7257.
- Ainsworth B, et al. Compendium of physical activities: a second update of codes and MET values. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43:1575-81.
Dieting May Improve Mood and Overall Quality of Life
Marti C, Bhapkar M, Pittas A. Effect of calorie restriction on mood, quality of life, and sexual function in healthy nonobese adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2016; 176(6):743-752
Slim by Design: Designing a Healthy Food Environment
Wansink B, Hanks A, Kaipainen K. Slim by design: Kitchen counter correlates of obesity. Health Education Behavior. 2016; 43(5):552-558.
The Hormone Leptin and Weight Loss
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- Woods s. The control of food intake: Behavioral versus molecular perspectives. Cellular Metabolism. 2009; 9(6): 489-498.
- Jung C, Kim M. Molecular mechanism of central leptin resistance in obesity. Arch Pharm Res. 2013; 36(2):201-207.
- Wing R, Sinha M, Considine R, Lang W, Caro J. Relationship between weight loss maintenance and changes in serum leptin levels. Horm Metab Res. 1996; 28(12): 698-703.
- Chu N, Stampfer M, Spiegelman D, Rifai N, Hotamisligil G, Rimm E. Dietary and lifestyle factors in relation to plasma leptin concentrations among normal weight and overweight men. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001; 25(1): 106-114.
Dieting and Weight Gain
Lowe M, Doshi S, Katterman S, Feig M. Dieting and restrained eating as prospective predictors of weight gain. Frontiers in Psychology. 2013;4:577.
Cross-Training and Carbohydrate Intake
Escobar K, Morales J, Vandusseldorp T. The effect of a moderately low and high carbohydrate intake on crossfit performance. International Journal of Exercise Science. 2016;9(3):460-470.
Health Impacts of Work Commuting
Hoehner C, Barlow C, Allen P, Schootman M. Commuting distance, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic risk. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2013; 42(6):571-578.
Exercising for Pleasure
Zenko Z, Ekkekakis P, Ariely D. Can you have vigorous exercise and enjoy it too? Ramping intensity down increases postexercise, remembered, and forecasted pleasure. Journal of Sport & Exercise Physiology. 2016;38(2):149-159.
Breakfast
- Mayyasi A. How breakfast became a thing. Priceonomics. May 9, 2016. Retrieved from https://priceonomics.com/how-breakfast-became-a-thing
- Dhurandhar E, et al. The effectiveness of breakfast recommendations on weight loss: a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014;104(4). doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.089573.
- Levitsky D, Pacanowski C. Effect of skipping breakfast on subsequent energy intake. Physiology & Behavior. 2013;119;9-16.
- Betts J, Richardson J, Chowdhury E, Holman G, Tsintzas K, Thompson D. The causal role of breakfast in energy balance and health: a randomized controlled trial in lean adults. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.083402.
Sleep Deprivation and Junk Food
Greer S, Goldstein A, Walker M. The impact of sleep deprivation on food desire in the human brain. Nature Communications. 2013; 4:2259. doi:10.1038/ncomms3259
Planning for Weight Management Success
- Swinburn B, Egger G, Raza F. Dissecting obesogenic environments: the development and application of a framework for identifying and prioritizing environmental interventions for obesity. Prev Med. 1999;29:563–70.
- Louzada M, et al. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Brazilian adolescents and adults. Prev Med. 2015;81:9-15.
- Fruh S, et al. Meal-planning practices with individuals in health disparity zip codes. J Nurse Pract. 2013;9(6):344-349.
- Hollis J, et al. Weight loss during the intensive intervention phase of weight-loss maintenance trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2008;35(2):118-126.
- Deliens T, Clarys P, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Deforche B. Determinants of eating behaviour in university students: a qualitative study using focus group discussions. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:53.
- Sumithran P. Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2011;365:1597-1604.
- King A, et al. Behavoral impacts of sequentially versus simultaneously delivered dietary plus physical activity interventions: The CALM Trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2013; 46(2):157-168.
Sleep: Lavender & L-Theanine
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- Afshar M, et al. Lavender fragrance essential oil and the quality of sleep in postpartum women. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015; 17(4):e25880.
- Lee S. Effects of aroma inhalation on fatigue and sleep quality of postpartum mothers. Women Heath Nurs. 2004; 10(3):235-243.
- Hirokawa K, Nishimoto T, Taniguchi T. The effects of lavender aroma on sleep quality in healthy Japanese students. Percept Mot Skills. 2012; 114(1):111-122.
- Field T, et al. Lavender bath oil reduces stress and crying and enhances sleep in very young infants. Early Human Development. 2008; 84(6):339-401.
- Smith A, Halcon L, Savik K, Reis R. Effect of lavender and sleep hygiene on self-reported sleep issues: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Nutri. 2015; 34(5):436-47.
- Schuwald A, Noldner M, Wilmes T, Klugbauer N, Leuner K, Muller W. Lavender oil-potent anxiolytic properties via modulation voltage dependent calcium channels. PLoS One. 2013; 8(4):e59998.
- Dimpfel W, Pischel I, Lehnfeld R. Effects of lozenge containing lavender oil, extracts from hops, lemon balm and oat on electrical brain activity in volunteers. Eur. J. Med. Res. 2004; 9(9):423-431.
- Ghelardini C, Galeotti N, Salvatore G, Mazzanti G. Local anasthetic activity of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia. Planta Med.1999; 65(8):700-703.
- Barrett J, Tracy D, Giaroli G. To sleep or not to sleep: a systematic review of the literature of pharmacological treatments of insomnia in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2013; 23(10):640-7.
- Lyon M, Kapoor M, Juneja L. The effects of L-theanine on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Med Rev. 2011; 16(4):348-54.
- Ota M, et al. Effect of L-theanine on glutamatergic functions in patients with schizophrenia. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2015; 27(5):291-6.
- Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M, Mochizuki M, Terashima T. Effects of theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, on brain monoamines and striatal dopamine release in conscious rats. Neurochem Res. 1998; 23(5):667-73.
Exercise and Stress Resilience
- Dum R, Levinthal D, Strick P. Motor, cognitive, and affective areas of the cerebral cortex influence the adrenal medulla. PNAS. 2016; 113(35):9922-9927.
- Hamblin J. Why one neuroscientist started blasting his core. The Atlantic. 2016. Accessed September 18, 2016.
- Childs E, de Wit H. Regular exercise is associated with emotional resilience to acute stress in healthy adults. Front Physiol. 2014; 5:161.
- Nakamura A, Fujiwara S, Matsumoto I, et al. Stress repression in restrained rats by (R)-(-)-linalool inhalation and gene expression profiling of their whole blood cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009; 57(12):5480-5485.
- American Heart Association recommendations for physical activity in adults. American Heart Association. Accessed September 18, 2016.
Too Much of a Good Thing? When “Healthy” Nutritional Habits Backfire
Du Toit G, Roberts G, Sayre PH, et al. Randomized Trial of Peanut Consumption in Infants at Risk for Peanut Allergy. N Engl J Med.2015:803-813.
Expanding Lifespan
Ristow M, Schmeisser S. Extending life span by increasing oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011; 51(2):327-336.
The Importance of Core Strength in Aging
Granacher U, Golhofer A, et al. The importance of trunk muscle strength for balance, functional performance, and fall prevention in seniors: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2013; 43(7):627-41.
Prenatal Cravings
Orloff N & Hormes J. Pickles and ice cream! Food cravings in pregnancy: hypothesis, preliminary evidence, and directions for future research. Front Psych. 2014; 5(1076):1-39.
Green Exercise
- Gladwell V, Brown D, Wood C, Sandercock G, Barton J. The great outdoors: how a green exercise environment can benefit all. Extrem Physiol Med. 2013; 2:3.
- Bowler D, Buyung-Ali L, Knight T, Pullin A. A systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments. BMC Publ Health. 2010; 10:456.
- Pretty J, Peacock J, Sellens M, Griffin M. The mental and physical outcomes of green exercise. Int J Environ Health Res. 2005; 15(5):319-337.
- Moyer A, Rodin J, Grilo C, Cummings N, Larson L, Rebuffé-Scrive M. Stress-induces cortisol response and fat distribution in women. Obesity Res. 1994; 2(3);255-262.
- Thompson Coon J, Boddy K, Stein K, Whear R, Barton J, Depledge MH. Does participating in physical activity in outdoor natural environments have a greater effect on physical and mental wellbeing than physical activity indoors? A systematic review. Environ Sci Tech. 2011; 45(5): 1761-1772.
Junk Food and Bloog Sugar Regulation
- Boyle JP, Thompson TJ, Gregg EW, Barker LE, Williamson DF. Projection of the year 2050 burden of diabetes in the US adult population: dynamic modeling of incidence, mortality, and prediabetes prevalance. Popul Health Metr. 2010; 8:29.
- Chichger H, Cleasby ME, Srai SK, Unwin RJ, Debnam ES, Marks J. Experimental type II diabetes and related models of impaired glucouse metabolism differentially regulate glucose transporters at the proximal tubule brush border membrane. Exp Physiol. 2016;101(6):731-742.
Sugary Drinks and Diabetes
Imamura F, O’Connor L, Ye Z, et al. Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction. Br J Sports Med. 2016; 50(8); 496-504.
Women and Resistance Training
- Schmitz K, et al. Strength training and adiposity in premenopausal women: Strong, Healthy, and Empowered study. American Society for Clinical Nutrition. 2007; 86(3): 566-572.
- Mayer F, et al. The intensity and effects of strength training in the elderly. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2011; 108(21): 359-364.
- Melov S, Tarnopolsky MA, Beckman K, Felkey K, and Hubbard A. Resistance Exercise Reverses Aging in Human Skeletal Muscle. PLoS One. 2007; 2(5): e465.
- Kadi F. The effects of regular strength training on telomere length in human skeletal muscle. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2008; 40(1): 82-7.
- O’Connor P, Herring M, and Carvalho A. Mental health benefits of strength training in adults. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2010; 4(5): 377-396.
- Anderson-Hanley C, Nimon J, and Westen S. Cognitive health benefits of strengthening exercise for community-dwelling older adults. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 2010; 32(9): 996-1001.
- van Prag H. Exercise and the brain; something to chew on. Trends in Neuroscience. 2009; 32(5): 283-290.
Sarcopenia: Anti-Aging Benefits of Strength Training
- Forbes G, Reina J. Adult lean body mass declines with age: some longitudinal observations. Metabolism. 1970; 19(9): 653-663.
- Mayer F, et al. The intensity and effects of strength training in the elderly. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2011; 108(21): 359-364.
- Melov S., Tarnopolsky M.A., Beckman K., Felkey K., and Hubbard A. Resistance Exercise Reverses Aging in Human Skeletal Muscle. PLoS ONE. 2007; 2(5): e465.
- Kadi F. The effects of regular strength training on telomere length in human skeletal muscle. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2008; 40(1): 82-7.
- Bolandzadeh N, et al. Resistance training and white matter lesion progression in older woman: Exploratory analysis of a 12-month randomized co ntrolled trial. Journal of the American Geriatric Society. 2015; 63(10): 2052-2060.
- Weinberg L, Hasni A, Duarte A. A single bout of resistance exercise can enhance episodic memory performance. Acta Psychologica. 2014; 153: 13-19.
Working out Your Mental Muscles
O’Connor P, Herring M, and Carvalho A. Mental health benefits of strength training in adults. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2010: 4(5): 377-396.
Running Barefoot
Alloway R, Alloway T, Magyari P, Floyd S. An exploratory study investigating the effects of barefoot running on working memory. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2016: 122(2): 432.
Short Bursts of High-Intensity Exercise for Cardiovascular Health
Gillen JB, Martin BJ, MacInnis MJ, Skelly LE, Tarnopolsky MA, Gibala MJ. Twelve Weeks of Sprint Interval Training Improves Indices of Cardiometabolic Health Similar to Traditional Endurance Training despite a Five-Fold Lower Exercise Volume and Time Commitment. PLoS One. 2016; 11(4):e0154075.
Fructose and Omega-3s
Meng Q, Ying Z, Noble E, et al. Systems Nutrigenomics Reveals Brain Gene Networks Linking Metabolic and Brain Disorders. EBioMedicine. 2016.
The Unity of Yoga and Essential Oils
- Michalsen A, Grossman P, Acil A, et al. Rapid stress reduction and anxiolysis among distressed women as a consequence of a three month intensive yoga program. Med Sci Monit. 2005; 11:555-61.
- West J, Otte C, Geher K, et al. Effects of Hatha yoga and African dance on perceived stress, affect, and salivary cortisol. Ann Behav Med. 2004; 28:114-8.
- Pilkington K, Kirkwood G, Rampes H, et al. Yoga for Depression: The Research Evidence. J Affect Disord. 2005; 89:13-24.
- Selvamurthy W, Sridharan K, Ray US, et al. A new physiological approach to control essential hypertension. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1998; 42:205-13.
- McCaffrey R, Ruknui P, Hatthakit U, et al. The effects of yoga on hypertensive persons in Thailand. Holist Nurs Pract. 2005; 19:173-80.
- Desai R, Tailor A, Bhatt T. Effects of yoga on brain waves and structural activation: A review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2015 May; 21(2):112-118.
- Chioca LR, Ferro MM, Baretta IP, et al. Anxiolytic-like effect of lavender essential oil inhalation in mice: Participation by not GABA/benzodiazepine neurotransmission. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 147(2):412-218.
- Lehrner J, Eckersberger C, Walla P, et al. Ambient odor of orange in a dental office reduces anxiety and improves mood in female patients. Physiology & Behavior. 2000; 71:83-86.
- Cho MY, Min ES, Hur MH, et al. Effects of aromatherapy on the anxiety, vital signs, and sleep quality of percutaneous coronary intervention patients in intensive care units. Evid Bsed Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 381.
- Setzer WN. Essential oils and anxiolytic aromatherapy. Nat Prod Commun. 2009; 4(9):1305-1316.
- Diego MA, Jones NA, Field T, et al. Aromatherapy positively affects mood, EEG patterns of alertness and math computations. Int J Neurosci. 1998; 96(3-4):217-224.
- Moss M, Hewitt S, Moss L, et al. Modulation of cognitive performance and mood by aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylang. Int J Neurosci. 2008; 118(1):59-77.
- Juergens UR. Anti-inflammatory properties of the monoterpene 1,8-cineole: Current Evidence for co-medication in inflammatory airway diseases. Drus Res (Stuttg). 2014.
The Science of Satiety
- Rolls BJ, Roe LS. Effect of the volume of liquid food infused intragastrically on satiety in women. Physiol Behav. 2002;76(4-5):623-631.
- Stenblom E-L, Montelius C, Erlandsson D, et al. Decreased Urge for Palatable Food after a Two-month Dietary Intervention with Green-plant Membranes in Overweight Women. Obes Weight Loss Ther. 2014;4(4).
- Duraffourd C, De Vadder F, Goncalves D, et al. Mu-opioid receptors and dietary protein stimulate a gut-brain neural circuitry limiting food intake. Cell. 2012;150(2):377-388.
- Van Wymelbeke V, Louis-Sylvestre J, Fantino M. Substrate oxidation and control of food intake in men after a fat-substitute meal compared with meals supplemented with an isoenergetic load of carbohydrate, long-chain triacylglycerols, or medium-chain triacylglycerols. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74(5):620-630.
- Levitsky DA, Pacanowski CR. Effect of skipping breakfast on subsequent energy intake. Physiol Behav. 2013;119:9-16.
- Schoenfeld BJ, Aragon AA, Krieger JW. Effects of meal frequency on weight loss and body composition: a meta-analysis. Nutr Rev.2015;73(2):69-82.
Microplex MVp™ Meets, Not Exceeds, Recommended Dietary Intakes
- Yetley EA. Multivitamin and multimineral dietary supplements: definitions, characterization, bioavailability, and drug interactions. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(1):269S – 276.
- Gregory J. Case study: Folate bioavailability. J Nutr. 2001;131:1376S – 1382S.
Science For Kids
STEM Education
- Lessard S., et al. JNK regulates muscle remodeling via myostatin/SMAD inhibition. Nature Communications.2018;9(3030).
- Lessard S., et al. Resistance to aerobic exercise training causes metabolic dysfunction and reveals novel exercise-regulated signaling networks. Diabetes. 2013;62: 2717–2727.